Dimensions of win win habit

Only by having a foundation of trust and a strong emotional bank account can I come o the table with honesty and openness. When both partners bring a strong emotional bank account to the table, we are ready to deal honestly and fairly. The third dimension is agreements. From relationships flow the agreements that give definition and direction to win/win. In a win/win agreement, both parties agree on desired results, guidelines, resources, accountability, and consequences. Trust and mutual responsibility is the key to a win/win agreement.Proper management training is key to establishing the mindset needed to effectively carry out win/win agreements. The focus in a win/vain agreement is on results rather than methods, and people in a win/win agreement evaluate themselves. As such, a performance agreement that both sides agree to is key to an effective win/win agreement. Finally, a win/win agreement can only survive in an organization when the systems support it. I know that I get what reward. Thus, I must make sure that the systems surrounding any win/win agreement support a win/win mentality.To achieve the goals in my mission statement, the reward system must reflect my principles. Competition has its place in the marketplace, but cooperation is the key to interdependent relationships. There is a four step process to seeking a win/win solution. First, I see the problem from the other person's point of view. Then, I identify the key issues and concerns involved. Third, I determine what results would constitute a fully acceptable solution. Finally, identify new options to achieve those results. Want to take advantage of the potential for mutual benefit that win/win solutions offer.I am ready to see any conflict that arises from a win/win perspective and seek the solution that ill be mutually satisfactory to all parties. There are five dimensions to the habit of thinking Win/Win; 1 . Character – Thinking win/win requires integrity (the value we place on our own principles) on the part of both parties. It also requires maturity – the balance between courage and consideration. Expressing feelings with courage tempered by consideration for the feelings of others is the mark of a mature person.Finally, to think win/win, we need an abundance mentality, meaning we realize there is plenty out there for everyone. People with a scarcity mentality think there is only one pie and they are fighting to get as large a slice as possible. People with an abundance mentality realize there are lots of opportunities, more than a person can take advantage of. 2. Relationships – The Emotional Bank Account is a key to structuring a Win/Win. If enough deposits have been made over a period of time, you have a degree of credibility enabling you to focus on the issues, not on personality conflicts.If both parties have high emotional bank balances combined with a ointment to Win/Win, a tremendous amount of synergy is possible. If the other person is not thinking Win/Win, you have to take the lead and be proactive enough to keep hammering until they realize you genuinely want a Win/Win deal. The relationship can be the key to the success of the entire process. 3. Agreements -? These give definition and direction to Win/Win. TO be effective, agreements should focus on desired results rather than the methods to be followed.Guidelines specifying the parameters for the results and the resources available to achieve the results should be included. Also a method of accountability for evaluation and an outline of what will happen as a result of the evaluation. 4. Systems -? Win/Win can only survive in an organization when the systems support it. If you talk Win/Win but reward Win/Lose, then don't be surprised when everyone goes for Win/Lose scenarios. The training, planning, budgeting, communication, information and compensation systems all have to be geared towards Win/Win. 5.Processes – The essence of structuring Wining is to separate the person from the problem, to focus on interests ND not on positions, to invent options for positive mutual gain and to insist on objective criteria – some external standard or principle that both parties can accept. These processes are more fully examined in Habits 5 and 6. The five dimensions of the Win/Win model s described by the author are: Character is the foundation Of Win/Win. There Ernst be integrity in order to establish trust in the relationship and to define a win in terms of personal values.A key trait is the abundance mentality that there is plenty for everybody (v. The Scarcity Mentality). The abundance mentality flows from a deep inner sense of personal worth and security. Relationships are the focus on Win/Win. When there is a relationship of trust and emotional bank account balances are high, there is a much greater probability of a successful, productive interaction. Negative energy focused on differences in personality or position is eliminated ; positive, cooperative energy focused on understanding and resolving issues is built. Performance agreements or partnership agreements give definition and direction to Win/Win.

Information and Communication Technology

Spending on information and communications technology in 2005 Information and communications technology or information and communication technology,[1] usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT) but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication middleware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997[3] in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government[4] and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. ICT is often used in the context of â€Å"ICT roadmap† to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs. [5][6] The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. See VOIP and Intelligent Infrastructure Management (IIM). This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the different network systems. Information and Communication Technology Spending on information and communications technology in 2005 Information and communications technology or information and communication technology,[1] usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT) but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication middleware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997[3] in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government[4] and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. ICT is often used in the context of â€Å"ICT roadmap† to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs. [5][6] The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. See VOIP and Intelligent Infrastructure Management (IIM). This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the different network systems.

Russian Economy Before And After Vladimir Putin Essay

Russian Economy Before And After Vladimir Putin - Essay Example The country has implemented multifaceted foreign policy as is also recognized as the successor state of the former USSR. Till 2009, the country maintained diplomatic relations with around 190 countries as well as with around 140 embassies. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia has emerged as one of the powerhouse in the scenario of global trade. The country adopted a democratic form of government and the regime of free market. The country got its inclusion in BRIC constitution along with India, Brazil and China. The BRIC group leads the developing world in terms of growth and economic transformation. To talk about the market access, most of the goods can be freely imported to the country. The country focused intensely on joining the World Trade Organization after the presidential election of 1999. The accession of the country to the WTO is now complete. Significant amount of progress was made in the last year which paved the way for the accession. The country will benefit from t he accession in the long run on several fronts, one of the most important being the discriminatory measures held by the 30 countries against the exports of steel of Russia. It is also anticipated that the accession to the WTO drives in more foreign investments. The country follows the system of harmonized Customs. The Russian history faced difficult times in the first 20 years of the last century. The civil war ruined the country, the people starved because of the economic embargo of the governments. The government was not able to gather pace on the imports as well as exports which was the need of the time. To deal with the situation, the Russian government decided to send a trade mission to UK. The Economy of Russia The economy of the country is ranked ninth in the world in terms of nominal value while the economy is ranked sixth in terms of purchasing power parity. The economy has transformed to a market based economy from a centrally planned one after the collapse of the Soviet U nion. The reforms of the 1990 privatized many sectors while the sectors like energy and defence being the exceptions. Macroeconomic stabilization as well as restructuring of the economy can be regarded as the indicators for transition from centrally planned to an economy that is based on the market. Macroeconomic stabilization entails implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. The aim of implementation is promotion of economic growth that will pave the path for stable prices and exchange rates. Restructuring of the economy require establishment of entities like commercial or institutional. These entities will allow the operation of the economy in an efficient fashion. One of the footsteps to achieve this goal is to open up the domestic market to foreign trade. The economy thus gets linked with the rest of the world. The bid of the country to join WTO faced a hurdle on the issues of low rate of domestic energy consumption and the closeness of the market for the foreign competito rs. The member countries of WTO expressed the view that the country should charge equal prices for oil and gas even domestically. The accession process was boosted as Russia worked out the disagreements on prices of energy as well as agricultural subsidies with European Union. In the year 2003, WTO estimated that the country is positioned 17th in the rank of largest exporters of the world. The minister of trade announced that the country has the potential to gain thousands of dollars once it has access to the regime and the world markets. As the pressure to resort to

Industrial relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Industrial relations - Assignment Example Therefore it is essential for employers to maintain good relationships with workers and vice versa in order to collectively reach towards productivity and goals of the organization. Concept of industrial relations: Generally the term industrial relation comprises of two words; Industry and relations. The word industry has a general understanding of any work or activity by which an individual or group of individuals are engaged in order to give productivity. Moreover the word relation means the way in which two or more concepts, objects or people are connected. Or in other words relationships that usually happen or exist within the organization amongst employer and employees. Industrial relations system: Industrial relations system generally is a system, which has the complete range of relationships between managers and employees. This also includes management of the relations in terms of conflicts and cooperation. Moreover industrial relations system is considered to be in the ideal state if relations amongst management and employees are carried out considering mutual coordination, cooperation and harmony rather than carrying out conflicts, disputes and lack of sharing. Furthermore it provides or creates an ambiance which one way or other promotes economic efficiency, productivity and growth of the worker and in return receives loyalty of employee as a result mutual trust can be obtained. Keeping in view that the role of state is also involved in it (Godard and Delaney, 2000). Participants in industrial relations system: There are three main actors or participants in an industrial relations system which are directly involved in the system these are (Heery and Frege, 2006): government employees employers Government: The rules, regulations and legislations regarding industrial relations are usually made by government in most parts of the world. Though organizations tend to follow their own rules and regulations regarding hiring, firing and working conditions but overall standardization of rules are to be set by government and all organization are bound to follow those rules and regulations (Heery and Frege, 2006). Employees: Generally workers are the backbone of the industry and these workers are always willing to improve their conditions in terms of employment. If something is not working for them they always try to raise their voices in order to convince management about some particular issue. Moreover in some cases workers are willing to share decision making power in terms of management. Usually they tend to be united and form a union whose purpose is to raise their voices and issues and discuss this with management in order to find solution (Heery and Frege, 2006). Employer: Employers or bosses are the whole and sole of the company and are mainly responsible for hiring and firing of employees and choosing person for jobs. These bosses are usually strategic apex of the organization that in most cases have different managers working for them in order to run organization (Heery and Frege, 2006). Given below is the figure for better understanding of industrial relations process: Scope of industrial relations: Industrial relations can be classified in terms of employee and employer relationship that usually come from day to day operations however if we consider industrial relations in a broader spectrum it is the relations amongst employer and employee in order to carry out working of the industry to gain productivity. It may spread over the areas of marketing, quality control, price fixation and disposition of profits amongst others.

Poet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poet - Essay Example Having no experience at all on wars or anything related to fighting, the hobbit was hesitant at first but he eventually agreed to join the wizard’s team on an adventure of his life. Nevertheless, he was always perceived by Thorin as a liability and a burden to them because they have to protect him from being harmed- a condition that adds to the leader’s responsibilities. Therefore, the hobbit thought of going back home. However, after some emotional reactions and thoughts of leaving the team, the hobbit’s abilities were then put to test when unexpectedly, the members of the group faced danger in the hands of the goblins. Nonetheless, before he was finally accepted as a hero, the hobbit had to go through some dangers by himself, coming face to face with Golum, a deceiving carnivore corrupted by a magical golden ring. Eventually, he escapes his enemy and rejoins the group who also managed to escape the goblins with the help of Gandalf. However, that was not the end of their dilemma because shortly right after, they again faced the orcs. In his anger, Thorin attacked their leader but was badly hurt and became unconscious. It was then that the hobbit courageously faced the orc. With the help of birds, the team were rescued and brought to a safe place. From there they continued their journey to the Lonely Mountain to destroy the dragon and the story continues until the kingdom is reclaimed (Tolkien). The narration may be a fantasy story nevertheless it portrays facts about life which are observed even in modern times. The Hobbit tells similar themes expressed by Robert Zimmerman, popularly known as Bob Dylan, a singer-songwriter, musician, artist and writer who wrote the poem entitled Desolation Row. The poem is an enjambment, having lines of varying lengths continuing over a line break (poetryarchive.org), which presents ancient and modern worldviews on politics, leadership, virtues and even negative characteristics such as envy, greed and lust . In The Hobbit, it is narrated that Lonely Mountain was once a powerful and successful kingdom, respected and admired for its vast wealth (Tolkien). However, because of the old king’s love for gemstone’s the gem that soon brought disaster to the kingdom was discovered. During the attack of the great dragon on the dwarves’ kingdom, the elves who were once their allies did not even give a helping hand. Therefore, a gap was built between the two kingdoms. Similarly, Desolation Row discusses such theme of racism, hatred, vengeance and injustices. The first part of the poem speaks about the lynching in 1920 when three African-American circus workers were accused of raping a white girl although they were never found guilty (Tuffley). The act is said to have been performed because the accused were Blacks. Their side of the story was never heard. In the same manner, Thorin perceived the elves as his enemies simply because he saw them turn their backs when the great dra gon attacked their kingdom. After the good relationships the two kingdoms shared, there has been a separation between the dwarves and the elves, at least in Thorin’s mind. Nevertheless, as the wise wizard said, the elves must have reasons for their actions which Thorin must also consider and understand (Tolkien). Other themes such as greed- a characteristic that led to the old king’s destruction and the corruption of Gollum, is also discussed in the poem through the lines

Buddhist traditions in the West Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Buddhist traditions in the West - Term Paper Example For example, in 1959, the famous Japanese teacher Suzuki Roshi arrived in San Francisco, and was a key proponent of Buddhist values in the United States and beyond, writing a series of essays on Zen Buddhism. Mass migration from some predominantly Buddhist countries to the West has, of course, also helped in the dissemination of Buddhist religious culture, but it is questionable whether or not it then spread beyond the immigrant communities in their adopted countries. Later, Buddhism became associated with what might be called ‘New-Age’ spirituality, and became something of a fashionable religion, especially among those involved in the entertainment industry. In the West, Buddhism is often thought of as an exotic and progressive, even modern religion, whereas in the East, where it has been developing for centuries, it is more likely to be thought of as traditional and familiar, and part of the basic fabric of society in many countries. Buddhist messages and motifs have b ecome commonplace in Western culture in the past half century, and especially those associated with Tibetan Buddhism. Lopez (1998) found many examples of aspects of Buddhist culture being casually used in the West, and concluded that ‘Tibetan Buddhism has been in for some time’ (p. 2). For example, at the opening ceremony of the 1996 Olympic Games, Micky Hart’s musical piece ‘Call to Nature’ was performed, and this work begins with the chant of a Tibetan monk from Gyuoto monastery. On a more popular level, the 1995 film ‘Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls’ opens with the title character spending some time in a Tibetan monastery, while the 1992 Christmas edition of Paris Vogue magazine invited His Holiness the Dalai Lama as guest editor. While the Dalai Lama is held by Tibetan Buddhists to be the incarnation of the god of compassion, it is as much a political and cultural preoccupation as a spiritual one which gives His Holiness and other Tib etan figures such prominence in the West. Since Tibet’s occupation by the People’s Republic of China, and especially since the flight of the Dalai Lama to India in 1959, the cause of a free Tibet, and an idealization of the life that went on in Tibet prior to the Chinese invasion, has become a major political focus worldwide. Furthermore, the current Western fondness for all things Tibetan stands in stark contrast to the attitudes of their forebears. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, to the extent that anything was known about isolated Tibet, its indigenous Buddhist practices were considered in some sense debased, and a perversion of proper Buddhist practice. Furthermore, Hegel, in 1822, found it ‘both paradoxical and revolting’ that the Dalai Lama held temporal power as well as being worshipped as the reincarnation of a god (Lopez, 1998, p. 4). However, since the Tibetan Diaspora has spread around the world, and the Tibetan causes has attracted m any high-profile followers, there has been a sea-change in Western attitudes towards Tibetan culture and the religion which pervades every aspect of it. For many, Tibetan culture represents what they see as the spiritual ‘

Historical words Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historical words - Assignment Example Identification: Defenestration refers to the throwing of officials through the windows of their offices in protest to their decisions. In 1618, a similar incident happened in Prague again when the Catholic Church backed the installment of one of their members as Duke of Styria. On 23rd May, 1619, protestors, led by a Protestant group that opposed the Dukes installation entered the Prague Castle and threw four regents and the secretary out through the windows of the castle. Significance: It explains the absolutism and the unquestionable powers the the French monarchy had in those times. This laid the foundation for a dynasty that was not accountable to anyone and this resulted in a rule that caused hardships for the masses until they rebelled and started the French Revolution which led to the killing and abolition of the French monarchy at the end of the 18th Century. Identification: A Basque noble and military knight who lived between 1491 and 1556. He converted to serious Catholicism after he was wounded in a battle and took an oath to defend the Catholic faith through all means possible. Significance: Ignatius formed the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) which sought to evangelize and promote Roman Catholicism throughout the world. This was to counter the Protestant Reformation and it succeeded in becoming a major apostolic wing of the Catholic church that helped spread the Faith to other parts of the world in later years. Significance: Margaret Cavendish wrote about various subjects relating to politics, gender balance and scientific methods. Her writings helped to promote objective thinking and this supported the renaissance and enlightenment throughout Europe. Significance: The painting tells the story of the hardships that poor peasants had to go through in his part of Europe. It shows the need for massive enlightenment amongst the poor in Europe and sparked the Flemish renaissance which was a part

Same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Same Sex Marriage - Essay Example In an attempt to show the positive aspects of gay marriage, he has ended up disclosing the negative and harmful practices that gay marriage can potentially inculcate in adults. The first point that is disagreeable in Sullivan’s essay is his comparison of heterosexual people with gays. The point he makes is that gays are asking for the equal status similar to that of the heterosexuals asked for during 1970’s. By this, he means that gays should be included in society without any hesitation and should be treated equally. However, what he fails to understand is that when heterosexuals were asking for equal status, they were asking for equal status ‘and’ respect for the ‘opposite’ and ‘unique’ responsibilities that women were carrying out in their married life. Females were never given importance and respect for their role in the development and growth of their families. Hence, they were asking to be given ‘equal’ status to men. However, in gay marriages there is no such friction as gays cannot fulfill the role of female no matter how feminine a partner is. Hence, comparing gay people’s de mand for equal status to the demand of equal status by heterosexuals is absurd. Secondly, Sullivan talks about the psychological wounds that gay men suffer due to heterosexual marriages they are forced into. However, Sullivan fails to look into the future of same-sex marriage. The same-sex marriage can cause immense psychological problems and deeper wounds on children as child needs both, a father and a mother, for healthy emotional and psychological growth. Third point that is unacceptable in Sullivan’s argument is his idea of sexual freedom that gays enjoy. Sullivan is saying that sexual freedom is in having sex with anyone and anytime you want to. According to him, more partners mean more freedom. It is difficult to understand how he has come to

Effectice Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effectice Performance Management - Essay Example Swann Communications is a global leader in home and business CCTV security industry. The company employs about 65 professionals who do their best to meet organizational objectives and industry requirements. Performance standards applied by Swann Communications help the management to support general activity of organization and its performance: technical support, high morale of employees, conditions of work, etc. The company's performance is based on certain standards which can be described as an expression of planning goals. These standards are based on social corporate responsibility and corporate ethics employed by Swann Communications. Some goals cannot easily be expressed in quantitative form, e.g. morale of a group, and are measured only in a qualitative manner. Group members in Swann Communications have one goal in common, such as to produce and market high quality CCTV surveillance solutions. Communication is essential within each project and members of the group which help to achieve the group task. Expected behavior patterns are developed within each group and these are referred to as norms of Swann Communications. All project teams follow certain stipulated standards of work and behavior which help them to avoid conflict situation and increase work efficiency. The role of managers in Swann Communications is to channel employees into constructive activities that are in the interests of the company. One answer has been to obtain more employee participation in decisions that affect their interests so that group members will not be so much against management. The most important is that performance indicators are used at all organizational levels, from the technical/managerial and institutional level. Swann Communications plays special attention to relationship between all levels and the accreditation process. The quality and nature of the decisions made are influence by the nature of the structure. Based on horizontal structure, Swann Communications is able to develop activities which are competitive with, or directly complementary to, a company's present activities. Swann Communications interprets organization as socio-technical system which concerned with the interactions between the psychological and social factors, as well as structural and technical requirements. The Ways in which Performance is Reviewed Goal theory is used to measure motivation of employees. This is a useful tool which helps to measure behavior at different organizational levels. The systems approach to organization and management also give recognition to the importance of groups in influencing behavior at work. In Swann Communications job evaluation is concerned with intrinsic value. Control is used to measuring performance against standards. Standards and controls are set according to the job performed. Deviations observed by HR department are reported immediately to the management team. In some cases, such information is usually supplied too late to be of immediate use, and can be used only for future planning. Monitoring is used to gather information and certain deviations in order to respond effectively to group changes. Swann Communications management team stipulates and set clear goal and responsibility for work done is well defined. In this situation, monitoring becomes more effective and it is

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Proposal - Essay Example In web designing all the mistakes made must be identified in good time in order to avoid challenges. Creating a website is not a problem to most of the web designers but making it to be of use is the main challenge. This also includes the power of the website to have a good interface for the customers to love it and increase traffic attendance. Most of the web designers in technology assume that they create a website for themselves by introducing their own interest factors forgetting the needs of the users hence making the website to become dormant. In such sites, there will be no users and traffic will be very low even when new users will be invited to the website. A website designer can make errors when designing the website and assume simple mistakes that will make users to avoid logging online into the website. It is the duty of a web designer to ensure that all constraints and procedures of the website are well followed. Any website designed must be included with a source search engine to be the main reference to the new users joining the website. As a web designer, you must include all the search tools needed in the website and have the right search function. One of the major search engines we have is Google which must be included into the website. Not necessarily, Google search engine, but there also exists other se arch engines like Yahoo and Bing. Most designers prefer to come up with their own search engines to avoid unnecessary advertisements. For a good website there must be an excellent readability and legibility in a way that the interface is well designed and attracts the customers reading the website. All the rules and regulations of the website must be well analyzed and understood by the users in the website. This captures the idea of the website to have a good constructed language that is commonly use by many of the users. Example of a common language is the USA English language that must be used in most of the design sections of

Comparing The Foresyte Saga Essay Example for Free

Comparing The Foresyte Saga Essay Both extracts explore the theme of adultery and extreme examples of conflict in a relationship. However, the differing time periods in which they are set and the contrasting ways in which the authors portray them, vary accordingly. In both extracts it appears that the female protagonists seem to be the source of the problem within the relationship and the extracts centre on their supposed adulterous behaviour. The two extracts differ because in Shakespeares Othello, the audience know that Desdemona has in fact not cheated on her husband, but his possessive nature and mistrust of her has warped his judgement. In Galsworthys novel, it is clear that the character of Irene clearly has been unfaithful through the description of her body language and the dialogue used, so youve come back. The men in both extracts have the controlling factor within their relationships, and suffer from possessive love. In Othello, his desire to control Desdemona and to have her all to himself because shes his wife, clouds his judgement on the situation; hed rather her dead than for her to be with any other man and break anothers heart. In Galsworthys novel, the man is indeed slowly losing control, but still tries to grasp it. His wife had gone off and had an affair and he wasnt able to control that. Now he tries to claw it back by shouting at her to leave, get out of my sight, and then contradicts himself by continuing to ask her to stay, which she obeys, and he is now in the stronger position. John Galsworthy uses animalistic imagery throughout this extract to show the way that Irene has become trapped: resemblance to a captive owl. This comparison also shows the way Irene has become vulnerable, having lost her independence and freedom. This mirrors the situation of Desdemona in Shakespeares Othello. In this scene Desdemona is entirely helpless, Othello having already decided what must be done as an alpha male: sweet soul, take heed of perjury: thou art on thy death bed. Shakespeares choice of language, for example, his use of imperatives, Down, strumpet! makes it clear to the audience how much in control Othello is. This control is echoed in Soames, who speaks with great authority and power: take your hated body out of my house Get out of my sight. Soames commands his wife here in a way that suggests he views her as a possession, who should not disobey him, emphasised in Galsworthys use of the image of Irene huddled in the fur, as though she is a belonging. Again Shakespeare reflects this idea in Othello, with the handkerchief used as a dramatic device embodying Desdemonas belonging to Othello, her supposed giving it away driving him to madness: I saw my handkerchief ins hand. Thou dost stone my heart. Neither Soames nor Othello can see the fault in their own actions, demonstrated by Galsworthy through rhetorical questions: Why should I suffer? What have I done? Irene, however, is left in a helpless place, the animalistic imagery continuing, likening her to a trapped bird, her spirit crushed and giving up, a bird shot and dying, taking farewell of all that is good the sun and air and its mate. This comparison also links back to Irenes now dead lover Bosinney, her partner, without whom she feels she is unable to function. Shakespeare uses stichomythia to create a passionate atmosphere. Short dramatic lines such as it is too late, build tension in the audience. John Galsworthy also uses speech to create tension but does so via the exposure of Soames thoughts. Take away that pitiful white face. Soames outburst is made particularly striking in the way that Galsworthy withholds excessive speech up until this point. Unlike Shakespeare who employs continuous dialogue and only one stage direction in this extract, to create a sense of a never ending flow of emotion. The structure used in Othello is used in the build up of tension, for instance the stichomythia used towards the end of the extract. This technique is commonly utilised to dramatic effect in plays. The structure in Othello is generally used advance the narrative and to further increase the build up of tension towards the dramatic climax at the end of the play. In the Forsyte Saga the structure allows the author to progress and elaborate on the metaphors used. Galsworthy uses the structure to put emphasis on certain words or phrases: so they sat, by the firelight, in the silence, one on each side of the hearth. Typically of a novel the structure shows the progressive thoughts of the narrator and isnt necessarily as linear as that in a play (ie Othello). Wider Reading: The poem My Last Duchess also carries the theme of adultery and extreme example of conflict in a relationship. Robert Browning doesnt make it clear whether the woman is guilty, but the Duke, like Othello is guilty of jealousy. He doesnt believe she treats her husband and different to any other men all and each, she liked whateer she looked on, and went everywhere, suggesting she flirted alot, not that the Duke has any proof. The repetition of that spot of joy emphasises how the fact her smile wasnt just reserved for him bothered him, so much so that he used the harsh language like Ann Galsworthys choice of Get out of my sight here, that in you disgusts me; here you miss, or exceed the mark, this shows his dark side and makes the reader question whether he killed her himself without knowing what she had done, similar to the way Othello acts on rage of his pride being damaged. The Duke also seems to be very possessive of the Duchess as is Othello and Soames Forsyte. Here he opens the poem Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall immediately highlighting he owns the painting, but also implies he owns her in person. He also seems to like the fact he can control who looks at the painting, the curtain I have drawn for you, but couldnt control who looked at his wife when she was alive. Additionally, in comparison to the imperatives Shakespeare and John Galsworthy use, Browning stresses the Dukes power through his quite forceful request, willt please you sit and look at her, almost as if the Duke is desperate for his audience to understand his anger, he states I gave commands, yet it seems she didnt obey him, hence he killed her, then all smiles stopped together.

Ocean Parks Business Level Strategy approaches

Ocean Parks Business Level Strategy approaches The Ocean Park has been opened in Hong Kong for more than 30 years, the Ocean Park have already been a special logo to the Hong Kong residents and a famous scenic spot for the foreign visitors. As per the mission statement from the Park is provides all guests with memorable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while inspiring lifelong learning and conservation advocacy. The Ocean Park is doing the entertainment businesses in Hong Kong with its theme park that delivers the integrated entertainment services to its guests. This paper will study the business level strategy approaches by using different analytical tools to analyze the related industry environment and the macro-environment that the Park is doing business with. Furthermore, it will also study the internal and external environment that would leads to some threats or opportunities for its further development. Chapter 1 Introduction Ocean Park Hong Kong, a theme park operates by the Ocean Park Corporation that delivers entertainment business in Hong Kong. The Park was officially opened in 1977 by the then Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Murray MacLehose. It was built at a cost of HK$150 million funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club and free land provided by the Hong Kong Government. The Park is situated on the southern side of Hong Kong Island and it is the Hong Kong primer educational and entertainment theme park that covers more than 870,000 square meters of land and features a diverse selection of world-class marine attraction, thrill rides and shows divided into three major areas: Lowland, Headland and Tai Shue Wan. Over the years, the Park has consistently rejuvenated and reinvented itself to better serve its guests, establishing itself as a major tourist attraction both locally and abroad. Since its opening more than 30 years ago, over 95 million guests have visited Ocean Park. Over 5 million guests visit The Ocean Park each year. Being the one of the largest theme park in Hong Kong, Ocean Park delivers not only thrill rides but also the educational and conservation of wildlife and habitats through various campaigns. The Ocean Park Conservation Foundation (OPCF) was found in 1993 and the Foundation wished to significantly improve the attitudes and practices towards conservation in Hong Kong and Asia through cooperative programs with other conservation organizations. Not even at all, The Hong Kong Society for Panda Conservation (HKSPC) was also launched in 1999 to educate the community and support conservation of the giant pandas and their habitat. Both the HKSPC and OPCF were merged into a single organization on 1 July 2005 as the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong (OPCFHK). Vision and Mission The vision of Ocean Park is aspires to be a world leader in providing excellent guest experiences in a theme park environment connecting people with nature, whilst the Mission of the Park is to provides all guests with memorable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while inspiring lifelong learning and conservation advocacy. Our aim is to maintain a healthy financial status, while striving to deliver the highest standards of safety, animal care, products and guest service. Furthermore, the Park expresses its core value by several elements: Fun, Service, Safety, Education and Conservation and Respect for People. (Ocean Park, Corporation Information. URL: http://www.oceanpark.com.hk/html/en/footer/corporate-information/vision.html) The key stakeholders would be those customers that have the expectation to the Ocean Park which a theme park could provide with special features together with exciting, education and conservation. With its vision, mission and core values, the Park has differentiate itself from the other theme parks which it aims to provide elements of entertainment, education and conservation at an affordable price to meet with its customers expectation. In this report, the objectives are to analyszs the current position of the Ocean Park through various analytical tools and to find out its strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and finally makes recommendation to encounter the potential risks. Chapter 2 Analysis 2.1 Porter 5 Forces Analysis Porters five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter. It is an analytical tool to analyses and determines the competitive intensity and therefore the attractiveness of the market. The tool is referred to these five forces as the micro environment and the more intense study to the market competition. Yet competition for profit goes beyond established industry rivals to include four other competitive forces as well: customers, suppliers, potential entrants, and substitute products. The extended rivalry that results from all five forces defines an industrys structure and shapes the nature of competitive interaction within an industry. (Porter E., 2008:25) Rivalry among Existing Competitors Although Hong Kong is a small city with limited area, however, the Ocean Park had been open since 1977 and being the largest theme park in Hong Kong. Throughout the time, the Park had no major competitor for more than 20 years until the other theme park was confirmed to construct in Hong Kong, The Disneyland Hong Kong. This has created intense competition greatly decrease the market share of Ocean Park. Threat of New Entrant The increase of new theme parks in other East Asia country has created the threats posed by the entry of new competitors. This has forced the numbers of visit down and put much more pressure to the entry numbers for both local and international visitors. Moreover, as stated on the above, the limited space of Hong Kong to set up another new theme park among Ocean Park and Disneyland will be very difficult. In such case, the force of the threat of new entrant is considered low comprising those factors. Threat of the Substitutes The Park provides the entertainment business in Hong Kong and to retain visitors mainly by fun and education. However, from the view of micro environment to the provision of the entertainment business, it would possibly has other substitutes service that providing the similar services, just likes the Ngong Ping 360 and The Peak Experience, etc. These new travel scenic spots provide similar services and experiences to retain those visitors. Bargaining Power of Buyers The power of buyers refers to the ability of the customers to be able to negotiate the prices from the seller. Consumers have little influence over the manufacturers and service providers in negotiating prices. The Ocean Parks is a theme park that combines with the thrill rides that providing the visitors an exciting experience while the other hand to provide with the connection of natural through conservation and breeding programs undertaken for its unique collection of insects, fishes, birds and marine mammals. These unique experiences could only be founded in the Ocean Park and thus the bargaining power of buyers in considered low. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The Ocean Park named the worlds 15th-ranked theme park base on the annual attendance by the Themed Entertainment Association and Economics Research Associates, the huge number of the visitors that enable the park a strong negotiation power with its suppliers, especially the food suppliers for the Bayview Restaurant, Terrace Cafà ©, Headland Rides, Panda Cafà © and the Middle Kingdom Restaurant located inside the park. Refers to the Fig. 1.2 at the appendix, the income by the catering service was increased from more than three million Hong Kong Dollars from 2008 to 2009. Although, the sales of goods had a slightly decrease, however, there were additional income from the commission of franchised retails store. This would show the attraction of doing business in Ocean Park could reflect to a significant revenue to the franchised store. For instance, the suppliers or the manufacturers of those foods and souvenir are also considered has low bargaining power to the Ocean Park. These fact ors were comprised because of the huge numbers of the visitor attendance. 2.2 PESTEL Analysis There are many factors that could affect the decision of the organization in the macro-environment. The PESTEL analysis comprises five major elements including Political, Economic, and Environmental, Social, Technological and Legal factors. These factors describe a framework of macro-environment and used to identify the changes and possible barriers in the macro-environment all around the organization. (Oxford University Press, PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment. URL: http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm ) Political The huge numbers of annual attendance enable the Ocean Park named the worlds 15th-ranked theme park among those related associations. Moreover, this annual attendance is mainly domain by the political changes in Hong Kong and China. In the recent years, the Hong Kong and China Government launches the self-tour-guided program which allows the residence in the approved province to visits Hong Kong freely, and the approved numbers of China province that put into the this program was expanded from time to time. Hence, the visitors from China were increasing over the years. Refers to the Figure 1.3 in the appendix, it shows the number of visitor arrivals by country / territory of residence (Census and Statistics Department, 2010) from 2008 to 2009. This indicated the visitors from the Mainland China were the largest numbers accounted among those countries. Economic With reference to the Figure 1.5 and 1.6, this indicated the financial statement of the Ocean Park in year 2008 to 2009. (Ocean Park, Annual Report, 2009) The overall operation expenditure is keeping risen up in the years, such as employees benefits, maintenance and other advertising and promotion cost is raised up to maintain the normal operation of the Park. Unfortunately, the admission income and other revenue are oppositely reducing. These unfavorable factors bring the threat to the Park in operation. Social In the recent years, the tourism industry in Hong Kong is major from the visitors from the Mainland China since the population growth rate is decreasing and the ageing population rate is oppositely increasing. Figure 1.4 on the appendix shows the approach of population growth rate, it is very obvious that the age group from 5 to 14 is decreasing and that would possibly leads the Park loses the attendance from this group. Moreover, the Ocean Park had launched various programs to encounter this threat to become opportunity. Technological The technological improvement enhances the Ocean Park continue to breed the rare marine mammals, panda and other insect. The living area for those rare creatures require a stable room temperature, humidity or other special requirements since they are migrated from the other environment which may different from Hong Kong. The improvement in technological development enhances the stability to let them adapt in new environment. Environmental Environmental issues have been an important topic over the world. Motor vehicles are the main cause of high concentrations of respirable suspended particulates and nitrogen oxides at street level in Hong Kong. The Government introduced a comprehensive program in 2000 to tackle this problem with targets to reduce these two emissions from motor vehicle by 80% and 30% respectively by the end of 2005. (Environmental Protection Department, 2010) Being the environmental leader, the Park launched a Clean Air by Ocean Park project including the first hybrid vehicle operates in Hong Kong. After that, nominated by the HKSAR government in 2000, Ocean Park received funding of HK$10 million by The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust to replace 22 aged diesel vehicles and gasoline carts with environmental-friendly vehicles, to promote clean-air environment and support global conservation. Legal The Ocean Park Corporation is a statutory body incorporated under the Ocean Park Corporation under the Ocean Park Ordinance (Chapter 388). The Corporations principal activity is to manage and control the Ocean Park as a public recreational and educational park to the public. (Ocean Park, Code of Corporate Governance Practices, 2009) Since the Ocean Park Corporation became statutory body, its internal operation and the establishment of the management team is appointed by the Government of the HKSAR. This legal factor makes the operation of the Park bonded by the Government and loses its independence. The above analysis pointed out the opportunity, threat, strength and weaknesses of the Ocean Park in the macro-environment. The technological changes, social and the environmental factors would be the most favorable factors to the Park for future development. However, there would be threats from the political and economic issues to the Park since it will depend on the governments decision and also not controllable factors. 2.3 Internal Analysis Resource-based View The resource-based view is a business management tool used to determine the strategic resources available to a company. The fundamental principle of the resource-based view is that the basis for a competitive advantage of a firm lies primarily in the application of the bundle of valuable resources at the firms disposal. (Wernerfelt B, 1984:172) On the other hand, strategic capability is also another element to determine the success of the organization. Strategic Capability is the ability to perform at the level required for success. It is underpinned by the resources and competences of the organization. (Johnson Gerry Scholes Kevin, 2008:23) Throughout the analysis in both competitive forces and the macro-environment in the related industry, the capabilities of the Ocean Park have been identified in its business strategy. Core Competence A core competency can take various forms, including technical/subject matter know-how, a reliable process and/or close relationships with customers and suppliers. (Hamel, G. Prahalad, C.K., 1990) It may also include product development or culture, such as employee dedication. On the other hand, the core competences are those activities that underpin competitive advantage and are difficult from competitors to imitate or to obtain. Several shows theatre in the Ocean Park is unique and it is difficult and impossible to obtain by its competitors, such as the shows by birds, sea lion and other marine mammals. Unique Resources Unique resources are resources that create competitive advantage and are difficult to imitate, they critically underpin competitive advantage. (Johnson Gerry Scholes Kevin, 2008:24) The unique resources of the Ocean Park enable its competitive advantages to the competitors. The most valuable physical assets of the Ocean Park are those rare marine mammals and the panda given by the Mainland China. These national treasures are value inestimable and they elaborate their attraction to the visitors. These treasures could only be found in the Ocean Park and other theme park does not have the same resources in Hong Kong. Furthermore, the Ocean Park has been opened for more than 30 years in Hong Kong; it has already built up goodwill to the local peoples. The education, conservation and natural scenic environment are the intangible resources of the Park and these resources enhance the Park to develop its brand and goodwill over the years. Chapter 3 TOWS Analysis The TOWS Matrix is an analytical tool to matching the environmental threats and opportunities with the companys weakness and its strengths. (Heinz Weihrich, 1982) Throughout the PESTEL and internal analysis of the Ocean Park, some areas have been identified as the threats and opportunities for the future development of the Park. As analyzed in the PESTEL analysis, the political and economic factors would be the threats to the Ocean Park in future development. Since the attendances are mostly likely by the visitors from the Mainland China, however, this would depends on the policy changes by both Government and it would not be possibly controlled by the Ocean Park. Furthermore, the risen up of employees benefits, the maintenance and other advertising and promotion cost would also be the threats to the Park. On one hand, the reducing admission also leads to the revenue drop in the recent years. Such huge expenditure and uncontrollable factors would be the major weakness to the operation of the Park. As stated above the unique resources and the core competences would be the strength of the Ocean Park while compare with its major competitors. Moreover, to overcome the threats that the Park is encountering, the Corporation had launches some special program likes wedding ceremonies to tackle the low birth rate and changed the target customers to another age range. The Ocean Park Halloween Bash launches to attract more local visitors to stave off from the policy changes by the self-tour-guided visitors of the Mainland China. Chapter 4 Conclusion for Strategy Recommendations After conducted several analysis of different environments to the Ocean Park, the result from those analysis comes to the end and some business strategies of the Ocean Park were identified. First of all, in coping with the five competitive forces, (Porter E. Michael, 2008) there are three potentially successful generic strategic approaches to outperforming other firms in an industry. The cost leadership, differentiation and the focus strategy. (Porter E Michael, 1980) In view of the Ocean Park performing, the differentiation strategy is employed. A differentiation strategy is appropriate to adopted where the target customer segment is not price-sensitive, the market is competitive or saturated, customers have very specific needs which are possibly under-served, and the firm has unique resources and capabilities which enable it to satisfy these needs in ways that are difficult to copy. The Ocean Park differentiates itself through the unique iconic attractions by rare animals and natural scenic environment which other theme park in Hong Kong could not be easily provided. On one hand, the brand Ocean Park had already embedded to most of the local residents and foreign visitors, the advertising and branding enhances value propositions and sustainable differentiation is concisely develop with a range of activities uniquely that impact on the customer purchase decision. Furthermore, the overall environment enhances to provide education and conservation to all the attendances. Although new competitors had already entered into the market, however, with the aims of the Ansoffs Matrix (Ansoff. I, 1957), the Ocean Park is recommended to taking action by market penetration and product development to obtain stable and sustainable development. Market penetration occurs when a company enters/penetrates a market with current products. The best way to achieve this is by gaining competitors customers which means the part of the market share. Other ways include attracting non-users of your product or convincing current clients to use more of your product or service, with advertising or other promotions. Market penetration is the least risky way for a company to grow. The Ocean Park should differentiate itself by existing services to gain the market share from its competitors, just likes the rare animals that enable continuous penetration to the existing market. On the other hand, the product development is also another strategy that the Park could employs. A firm with a market for its current products might embark on a strategy of developing other products catering to the same market. The continuous re-development project enable new thrill rides that the competitors may not delivers in short period of time and it would not be p ossible to making the same thrill rides as the Ocean Park. Frequently, when a firm creates or to usher in with new products, it can gain new customers for these products or services. Hence, new product development can be a crucial business development strategy for firms to stay competitive. In addition, strategic alliance of subcontracting may also be considered in the development of the Park. Strategic alliance is where two or more organizations share resources and activities to pursue a strategy. In the case of Ocean Park, the highest maintenance, advertising, promotion and growth of employees benefits would be a high risk to the Corporation to stay competitive in the market. In view of these critical issues, subcontracting alliances method can be considered to tackle this issue and to meet with the stakeholders expectation. To be keeping a health financial status of the Corporation, some of the operational function could be subcontracted out to lower the operation cost from direct labor generated. Last but not least, the Ocean Park has continuously makes the improvement through different strategies. Throughout this study, understood that the Park has retained its best to meet with its stakeholders expectation and cope with its mission statement, Ocean Park provides all guests with memorable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while inspiring lifelong learning and conservation advocacy. Our aim is to maintain a healthy financial status, while striving to deliver the highest standards of safety, animal care, products and guest service Appendix Fig. 1.1 Porter 5 Forces Model Source: Harvard Business Review, 2008 Fig. 1.2 Note to Financial Statement Source: Ocean Park, Annual Report 2008 2009 Fig. 1.3 Visitors Arrivals by Country / Territory of Residence Source: Census and Statistics Department URL: www.censtatd.gov.hkFileManagerENContent_807transport.pdf Fig. 1.4 Resident Population Approach Source: Census and Statistics Department URL: www.censtatd.gov.hk_showtablecust.jsp Fig. 1.5 Notes to the Financial Statement Source: Ocean Park, Annual Report 2008 2009 Fig. 1.6 Revenue Statement Source: Ocean Park, Annual Report 2008 2009

The Rain Child, Margaret Laurence

The Rain Child, Margaret Laurence Margaret Laurence (1928-1987) is one of the most beloved writers in Canada, she was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1972 that shows her popularity. Also The range and the quality of her work made her the most recognized and accomplished of the writers of the 1960s (New 265). She began to write from age 7, but none of her stories was published until she moved to Africa, where she lived for seven years because of her husbands job. Her first published fiction, the Uncertain Flowering, was followed by several short stories, published in various journals, that were collected in The Tomorrow-Tamer in 1963. The Rain Child is one of these short stories, which sets in Africa and was influenced by Laurences experience as a minority there. Moreover, she recognized the division between their [Africans] traditional ancestral past and their contemporary partly Westernized present (New 265). The plot of the story is quite simple; an African girl, Ruth, who has been educated in England moves back to Africa with her father, and becomes a student in Eburaso Girls School where the narrator, Miss Violet Nedden is the English teacher. Her integration, her identity problems and behavioral changes are told by Miss Nedden. These themes can be found in the other short stories as well, because they focus repeatedly on outsiders trying to cope with their own identities (New 266). In addition, Laurence shows special sympathy for those, both African and European, who no longer fully belong anywhere (The Oxford Companion ti Canadian Literature 634) in her short stories. The main motif in The Rain Child is identity because every main character has identity problems. The narrator, Miss Nedden is an English woman who moved to Africa to teach and she has spent there twenty-two years, but she did not become a real African, however she has adapted herself to the circumstences more easily than her boss, Miss Hilda Povey. Miss Povey is more close-minded than Miss Nedden as she says at the beginning of the story, twenty-seven years here [Africa]. . . and she still felt acutely uncomfortable with African parents. Miss Nedden is more open-minded, for instance, she gives up to teach Daffodils and turns to Akans poetry, and she joins to the girls when they go to the Odwira. On the contrary to her achieved integration, Miss Nedden keeps her English identity, for instance, her garden chair which is like a throne for her, and the reader also can sense the superiority over Africans in her thinking. However, she also cannot be a real English woman after spending so m any years in Africa. As she says it at the end of the short story: I think of that island of grey rain where I must go as a stranger, when the time comes. The other main character, Ruth, is also struggling with identity problems because she has lived in England before she moved back to Africa with her father. She seems African with her brown skin but she cannot speak the Twi, the language of the area and she does not know a lot about the African culture and traditions. For her, everybody seems strange and somehow barbarian with the traditional African clothes that they wear after classes and their weird beliefs, for instance: Yindos talisman. She does not feel as she is at home, she wants to go back to England: I wish I were back at home. Ruth becomes happier when she meets David, an English boy, but he makes her shocked when he says: I know youre not the ordinary kind of African. Youre almost almost like a like us.. It is not enough for Ruth, therefore she runs away to the forest and at the end of the short story she leaves the school and goes to another in the town. Ruths father, Dr. Quansah also has got some kind of identity problem. He has worked in England for many years and there he has had friends but he cannot find any neither European nor African in Africa. As he says: I still find most Europeans here as difficult to deal with as I ever did. And yet I seem to have lost touch with my own people, too.. He has got a mixed identity, because he also keeps western habits, but in a way he remains African in his thinking. For instance: he eats western food, wears European clothes and speaks English, but he is not identical to Europeans because he resents the Europeans racism. The theme of identity also brings up the question of race and culture. Ruth is an African girl because of her roots, but she has been brought up in a different culture, therefore she feels herself more English than African. However, in the eyes of other people she will remain African, she cannot be truly English, as David says she is just almost like them. On the contrary, the conclusion of the short story is about the power of culture above race. Race is insignificant and artificial, Laurence is saying; culture is real and inviolable. (Craig 115). In addition to culture, the traditions have got important roles in the short story, for instance, the senior girls are allowed to wear the traditional, colourful African dress. The main traditional event in the story is the Odwira festival. There happens something shocking to Ruth when she sees Kwaale and a boy doing the Shoot an arrow ritual. The boy shoots an imagenary arrow to Kwaale and she shows her naked body to him. It is a reminder that women are the source of life, however Miss Nedden is not sure that Kwaale and the boy really know about this customs meaning or origin or they just care about the beat of their own blood. Also the title of the short story is connected to African culture because when Ruth was born her mother called her an African name which means ËÅ  child of the rainËÅ  . Her English name, Ruth is also interesting because it can be seen as a biblical refernce. Ruth in the Bible was a poor, foreigner woman and her story shows the triumph of ingenuity and courage over tough circumstences. This is a bit sarcastical because in The Rain Child Ruth is neither ingenious nor courageous because she does not want to be a part of her new country. Laurence used mainly Ruths story to tell problems with which a whole nation and generation faced at that time. The themes identity, migration, alienation, integration, race, sense of belonging she put in The Rain Child show a great sense of understaning towards these people. Laurences [style] embraces conscious symbolism while it strives for the immediacy of ordinary experience (New 265).

Jennifers Radio :: Essays Papers

Jennifer's Radio What is the radio? An electronic technology or a human technology? The radio is such a popular item in todays society that most families have several. There is no escaping the radio, it is a constant necessity that all of us have come to require in our daily lives. When people hear about the radio they associate it with electricity, but they do not think about the human aspect. The human aspect is very important in the development of the radio and I will convey that in this paper. People invented the radio in 1894; it was a simple design composed of copper, tubes, lightbulbs, and peoples imaginations. All objects influenced by technology have derived from imaginations and ideas of humans. Human technology is the primary influence in the development of the radio, as opposed to electronic technology, which is secondary. When we think of technology we generally think of electronic devices and electricity, but that is not where machines got their first start. Electricity did not come up with the idea or designs for the radio; it was merely added to the already present machinery. Electricity is a form of electronic technology. Electronic technology is the addition of electricity, and power to energize machines through electronic contact. Human technology is the thought, intelligence, mathematics, science, and language of humans. It is brainpower and the imagination. Human technology is the primary influence over the radio, but I can not rule out the secondary influence of electricity all together. Electricity is one of the key parts to the radios formation. Radios count on electricity; this is how they work, and is one of the main factors that has changed this artifact. It is the constant surrounding factor for the future of the radio, but not the radios inventor. Electricity does not have imagination or thought, it can not dream something up and put it in everyones home, and only human beings have this gift. To complete this brief introduction I will now explain the remainder of this paper. It will trace the development of the radio from the first inventor to the new radios of the future. I will discuss that in 1894 the first radio was built, and the design and size was complex. By the 1950s the radio had taken on new characteristics and simpler operation, and now in the twenty-first century electricity has completely changed the look and purpo se of the radio.

The Chesapeake and New England Colonies: A Comparison :: American America History

The Chesapeake and New England Colonies: A Comparison During the late 16th century and into the 17th century, European nations rapidly colonized the newly discovered Americas. England in particular sent out numerous groups to the eastern coast of North America to two regions. These two regions were known as the Chesapeake and the New England areas. Later, in the late 1700's, these two areas would bond to become one nation. Yet from the very beginnings, both had very separate and unique identities. These differences, though very numerous, spurred from one major factor: the very reason the settlers came to the New World. This affected the colonies in literally every way, including economically, socially, and politically. The Chesapeake region of the colonies included Virginia, Maryland, the New Jerseys (both East and West) and Pennsylvania. In 1607, Jamestown, the first English colony in the New World (that is, the first to thrive and prosper), was founded by a group of 104 settlers to a peninsula along the James River. These settlers hoped to find gold, silver, a northwest passage to Asia, a cure for syphilis, or any other valuables they might take back to Europe and make a profit. Lead by Captain John Smith, who "outmaneuvered other members of the colony's ruling and took ruthlessly took charge" (Liberty Equality Power, p. 57), a few lucky members of the original voyage survived. These survivors turned to the local Powhatan Indians, who taught them the process of corn- and tobacco-growing. These staple-crops flourished throughout all five of these colonies. New England was north of the Chesapeake, and included Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Haven (which soon became part of Connecticut). The New Englanders were largely Puritan Separatists, who sought religious freedom. When the Church of England separated from Catholicism under Henry VIII, Protestantism flourished in England. Some Protestants, however, wanted complete separation from Catholicism and embraced Calvinism. These "Separatists" as they were called, along with persecuted Catholics who had not joined the Church of England, came to New England in hopes of finding this religious freedom where they would be free to practice as they wished. Their motives were, thus, religious in nature, not economic. In fact, New England settlers reproduced much of England's economy, with only minor variations. They did not invest largely in staple crops, instead, relied on artisan-industries like carpentry, shipbuilding, and printing. The Chesapeake and New England attracted different types of settlers and, by 1700, the populations differed enormously.

Essay --

Introduction Today’s marketers are looking for other approaches to communicate and connect with their target audience and a technique that is receiving more and more attention over the past decade is product placement. Product placement is not a new concept, but it has become much more prevalent in recent years. It is not only due to the changes to the way viewers are watching television, but also for the advent of new technologies. This marketing communications technique is evolving. While before companies tended to sponsor a film, or TV series, now they are buying space within the programme. With this new concept, companies can cut money on very expensive advertisement, and film producers and TV networks can get extra sources of funding for production. Moreover, advertisers are aware that seeing your favourite TV series character sipping a Coca-Cola, using an iPhone or driving a Toyota, can have a far more persuasive effect on viewers due to the emotional connection to the story and characters. Car manufacturers are one type of company that are making the most of product placement, and are signing deals with broadcasting networks and film producers to have their vehicles appearing and characters talking about all the amazing features of a specific car model. Toyota is by far, the company investing the most in the use of product placement, and in fact is trying to impose their presence, not only during episodes of certain TV series, but also dictating the rules to certain TV networks to have dedicated pages on their websites. Marketing Communications It is difficult to find a universal definition of marketing communications, and there are many different orientations regarding the subject. The table below summarises the main ... ...tial effects on consumers’ memory and brand attitudes. Prominent placements are most likely to be remembered, but they have a positive influence on the consumers’ attitude toward a brand only if they are consistent with the plot (Wilbur, Goeree and Ridder, 2008). American consumers, for example, are more likely to buy a product that was shown in a movie, and American students prefer product placement in films to traditional advertising (Lee and Chung, 2009). Moreover, households appear to have better attitudes to product placement, followed by adults 25- 54 and adults 18-49 (Wilbur, Goeree and Ridder, 2008). Overall results of recent studies indicate that consumers are incline to have positive or neutral attitudes towards product placement and that the effect of it can differ depending on consumers’ specific differences in their personalities (Ju and Tinkham, 2011).

The Portrayl of Women in the Media and the Effects it has on Young Girls

Young girls of today’s society are being severely negatively affected by the portrayal of women in the media. With the media playing a large role in young girl’s body images, more and more girls are having a negative image of themselves. They believe they are not sexy and attractive enough according to society’s standards. As a result of this they try to make themselves perfect and go to ridiculous extents to try and make that desire a reality. Girls will even decide to not pursue interests because they believe them to be unattractive and unsexy.The media’s blatant disregard for the real female physique needs to be dealt with quickly before it gets too far out of hand. Being exposed to the media daily through television, magazines, and advertisements, young girls base their body image largely off of media. The problem, however, is that the media displays unrealistic body images of women. Heavily photoshopped pictures in magazines are seen as the ideal body type, and women in movies and television shows are airbrushed to perfection. Along with the unrealistic beauty that women in the media hold, they are often dressed and posed in a provocative manner.On many magazine covers, women are seen with little to no clothing on, with only the lettering of the magazine title stamped across their chests to cover their exposed breasts. With these images constantly being shown in nearly every aspect of their lives, young girls create the illusion that they must look like these women in order to be considered â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"sexy.† Young girls begin to believe that their self-worth is based solely off of how they look.The inaccurate portrayal of women in the media would not be a problem if young girls were not trying to model themselves after these women. As a result of the unrealistic women in the media, young girls are often dissatisfied with their own bodies. This dissatisfaction can begin at a  surprisingly young age. A university of Central Florida poll (2006) found that fifty percent of 3 to 6 year olds worry that they are fat. Another study (2008) of 819 boys and 791 girls, ages 14 to 16, revealed that a far higher percentage of the girls were ashamed of their bodies than the boys. They revealed that they constantly monitor their weight, what they eat, and how often they eat. This constant policing of their bodies can potentially lead to unhealthy habits.Girls try to make themselves look like these â€Å"perfect† women in the media, and often times they put being â€Å"sexy† or â€Å"feminine† above their own health. They resort to strict diets as young as eight years old. Young girls with dress according to what the media portrays as â€Å"sexy† and â€Å"feminine,† even if it is clothing that is considered too provocative and mature for their age. With young girls putting their desire to be sexy above their own health, the portrayal of women it the media c an lead to serious ill effects.Often times this obsession with their body image can lead to eating disorders such as bulimia, a disorder where a girl purges her stomach immediately after eating, or anorexia, another disorder where a person will outright refuse to eat anything. They will be hospitalized for such disorders, and yet they will still find themselves to be unattractive in their own eyes. The media has drastically harmed the self-esteem of young girls.Along with needing to become â€Å"perfect,† young girls are not pursuing their own interests for the fear that it is â€Å"unsexy† and â€Å"unfeminine† according to the media. A study done by the Women’s Sports Foundation (2011) found that six girls drop out of sports for every one boy by the end of high school based on the sole reason that they feel it doesn’t make them look â€Å"sexy.† Another study done by the Women’s Sports Foundation (2011) found that twenty-three perce nt of girls between the ages of elven and seventeen don’t even attempt to play sports they may be interested in because they believe that it would be â€Å"unfeminine† of them to try.The media tells young girls that they should be into activities such as fashion design and modeling, putting emphasis on professions that show off their bodies and not their intellects. While modeling and fashion design are perfectly acceptable job professions, the problem lies in the fact that activities such as those are  the only ones being portrayed as acceptable in media. Young girls are getting the message that to pursue any typically male dominated activity would be â€Å"unfeminine,† and therefore would make them seem unattractive.Despite women making up half of the world’s population, we still live in a male dominate culture were women can be portrayed on unrealistic Barbie dolls in the media. This portrayal is having ill effects on the young girls of future genera tions. Media is playing a progressively larger role in a girl’s body image than ever before, and with the unrealistic images they are shown they being to be dissatisfied with their own bodies. Young girls begin to worry about being sexy and attractive at ages as young as eight years old, and worry about being fat as young as three. As a result of their dislike for their own bodies, young girls begin to try and make themselves â€Å"perfect.†They will starve themselves and work out, almost to an unhealthy extent. Putting this desire to be sexy above their health, some girls even develop eating disorders because of the unrealistic images they compare themselves to. Along with never finding themselves to be beautiful, girls will even deprive themselves of pursuing their interests because they believe them to be â€Å"unfeminine.† The unrealistic portrayal of women in the media needs to put to an end before the situation that young girls are put in gets any more out of hand.

Describe the challenge faced by John Proctor Essay

Describe a challenge faced by a character in the text. Explain how the character dealt with the challenge.  In ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Millar, many of the characters faced challenges. One character who was faced with challenge was the protagonist John Proctor. He faced the challenge of trying to keep his reputation intact in the face of a judgemental Puritanical community ruled by superstition and religious intolerance. The fact that he had an illicit affair with a young woman named Abigail was a major obstacle to clearing his ‘good name’ along with the fact that his wife Elizabeth lied under oath in court to try to protect him. John Proctor was faced with the decision between life and death to deal with the challenge of trying to clear this ‘good name’ John Proctor, the protagonist, had the major challenge of trying to deal with his adulterous affair with Abigail, the key anatagonist in the play. Abigail envied John’s current wife Elizabeth and she wanted to take her place. When Abigail had the chance to accuse people of being witches, Elizabeth was her first victim. Proctor however had to ruin his good name in order to accuse Abigail of faking her claims. To do this though was a challenge he faced as he was a man with high morals and didn’t want to ruin his name. A further challenge that John Proctor faced was when his wife Elizabeth was accused of witchcraft and had to testify to clear his name. When his wife Elizabeth was arrested after she was accused by Abigail of being a witch, Proctor knew he could have stopped this trial from continuing. He had the option of telling the court that the trial is a sham because he had an affair with Abigail and that she was out for revenge after Elizabeth kicked her out of the Proctor household and also because Proctor firmly rejected her saying â€Å"I will cut off my hand before I reach for you again†. The problem was if Proctor admitted his affair with Abigail, his reputation will be ruined. Eventually he finally admitted his affair saying â€Å"God help me, I lusted† implying that he regrets having an affair, but it was too little too late as the trials were no longer in his hands and was controlled by the court. The reason why it was difficult for John Proctor to clear his name Religious intolerance was rife in the Puritannical town of Salem and the court system was based on Biblical law. and you were either with or against God and like Danforth said â€Å"you are either with or against the courts†, you can only support one side. It is hard for Proctor to keep his reputation clean because of this reason. When he testified against Abigail, he put his reputation at stake. Eventually he is betrayed by Mary Warren and his final words â€Å" it is a whores vengeance† states that the court is based on myths not facts and Abigail is only doing this for revenge in Proctor’s final attempt to turn the courts. In the end, the final challenge that Proctor faced was whether to live or die to clear his name. When he was declared a witch by the religious court, he had the option of either signing a confession admitting to this or going to the gallows. Initially, he signed the confession but then ripped it up when he realised it would ruin his reputation and he felt guilt over the others who had been falsely accused. after his plea â€Å"give me my name, I have given you my soul† is rejected. At this point Hale the witch-hunter feels guilty about his actions and pleads to Elizabeth to make him confess; all she did was say â€Å" he’ll have his goodness now, god forbid I take it from him† stating that it was his choice and she can’t take it from him.  Therefore, through the circumstances that Proctor had, he dealt with the situations with courage and dignity. He managed to redeem himself from his earlier sins and keeping his reputation clean by choosing to hang rather than living in shame and having nothing to live for. In this way Proctor has ended his life full of pride and having his reputation clean.

Plastic Lumber & Wood-Plastic Composite Market

The collection of ‘Construction Material' market research reports has a new addition of â€Å"Wood-plastic Composite & Plastic Lumber to 2018† on Aromatherapies. Com. US demand to Jump more than% annually US demand for wood-plastic composite and plastic lumber Is expected to Increase four billion pounds of plastic. A rebound In new housing completions from the low 2013 level and gains In residential Improvement and repair expenditures will generate Increases In demand. Demand gains will also be boosted by Increased market penetration In decking applications, the predominant use for composite and plastic lumber.Decking to remain key application Decking applications will account for more than two-fifths of composite and plastic lumber demand by 2018. Homeowners will increasingly choose decks made from alternative lumber because it has greater resistance to degradation by moisture, changes in humidity, insect attack, and time, and because it requires minimal maintenance ove r its long service life. Ongoing changes to manufacturing technologies that will improve the color-fade resistance and the resemblance to natural wood, particularly expensive hardwoods such as pipe and redwood, will further boost composite and plastic decking demand.Further gains will result from efforts by manufacturers to increase the scope of decking accessories offered. Among other applications, molding and trim applications are also expected to advance at a strong pace through 2018. Wood-plastic composite and plastic lumber use in molding and trim will benefit from renewed housing activity and performance characteristics † such as resistance to moisture and ease of shaping † that are superior to those of lumber and engineered wood. Request Sample copy of this report @ http://www. Aromatherapies. Mom/contacts/ request-sample? Rename=184223 . Wood-plastic composite lumber to outpace plastic Increases In overall construction actually will support demand gains for both types of alternative lumber through 2018, but wood-plastic composite demand will rise at a quicker pace than demand for plastic lumber, albeit from a smaller base. As nearly two-thirds of composite and plastic lumber demand Is generated by the residential market, expansion in that market will boost composite lumber demand. In large, increasingly preferred to plastic lumber.Several factors will support its rapid growth. For instance, composite lumber includes celluloses fibers and is better able to assemble the look and texture of traditional wood, an appealing trait to consumers looking for attractive but low maintenance decks. Furthermore, because composite lumber frequently is manufactured using recycled materials † including consumable plastic such as grocery bags and stretch film, and wood scraps from mills and other lumber operations † it is often marketed as an environmentally friendly building material.Company Profiles Profiles for US industry competitors such as Axial, CAP International, Fiber, Headwaters & Tree Read more on â€Å"Wood-plastic Composite & Plastic Lumber to 2018†³report below. Additional Information This study examines the US market for two types of materials serving as alternatives to wood in construction: composites of cellulose fiber and plastic † referred to in the study as â€Å"wood-plastic composite lumber† or â€Å"composites† † and plastic resins † referred to as â€Å"plastic lumber. Both materials are manufactured using techniques † primarily extrusion but also injection molding † common to the plastics industry. Applications for these materials covered in this study include decking, molding and trim, fencing, landscaping and outdoor products, windows, doors, and assorted applications such as spa cabinets, marine decks, and railroad ties.This study does not address applications for plastic lumber in which plastics (primarily vinyl) are not in competition with wood or in which they have already attained substantial market share. Applications falling under these categories include plastic siding, extruded plastic windows and doors, plastic playground equipment not competing with traditional lumber, vinyl patio furniture, and vinyl flooring. Cellulose-resin products, such as plywood, starboard, and oriented strand board, are also excluded from demand considerations for composite lumber.

Credit Bureau Essay

Consumer Law| The Credit Bureau | Consumer Agency Report| 4/8/2013 | Introduction Credit reporting companies serve as a ball of information about the consumer use of credit as reported by those by which the consumers borrow credit. Lenders gather and use this information to counterpart any data they have already obtained directly about the borrower’s creditworthiness to aid in their lending making decisions. Lenders have the incitement to report their experiences with the borrowers for the gain of other creditor’s data.The essential of credit data are represented by the consumers representation based on his or hers borrowing behaviors of repayment over time. Today, the regulation has led to a high automated worldwide firm that collect detailed oriented, complete information and conform with a range of polices that’s in the best interest of the consumer. Credit reporting companies give businesses intuition into a consumer’s past behaviors, similar to the pr ospective an employer may use a candidate’s college transcript. These intuitions may be used to make decisions about his or her stability as well as the willingness to repay debt.Without this information borrowers would more than likely have to provide other information about themselves when applying for any type sought after credit. History Credit- reporting agencies emerged first in the United States due to the countries strong commercial orientation was highly conducive to institutional experimentation. Credit bureaus were known in some countries from the early 1860s, due to the industry experiencing a rapid growth only after World War I. There origination was purposed to facilitate the exchange of credit information among merchants.The recommenders usually local or suppliers with whom an individual has previously done business with. The small amount of credit that was granted was solely based on the merchants personal knowledge of the customer, a change came about once th e credit bureaus came into full swing. The earliest known credit bureaus maintained a list of customers who were considered by the merchants to be a risk. The U. S. population became more mobile and the credit bureaus began to expand to server a wider range of the population of dispersed merchants after World War I.A void that once needed validated was now filled by the merchants being provided with the information that could be used to make decisions on whether to grant the consumer with credit or not. Before the development of speedy computers and data processing readiness that had the capability of processing a variety of credit information, merchants that granted credit only had the capability of relying on investigations of the individual, public information, employment records, newspapers, and information from landlords about the consumer. Credit Bureaus TodayThere are currently three major credit bureaus in the United States are affiliated with the Associated Credit Bureaus, Inc. Founded in 1906, the international trade association provides its members with fraud prevention, credit and mortgage reports, risk management services, collection services, employment screening and verification services. The Associated Credit Bureaus, Inc. represents the consumer credit reporting information industry before state and federal legislators. Also, it represents the industry in the main stream media as far as consumer credit reporting issues.There are over 500 member of the American credit reporting agencies, collection services, employment reporting, mortgage and tenant screening services. There are over one billion credit cards that are being used daily in the United States which gives the consumer credit bureaus the importance as well as growth today. Similarity the number of consumer credit reports are issued every year with in the United States. Over two billion pieces of data are entered on the monthly basis into credit records. There are 190 illion credit fil es maintained by the three major reported credit bureaus which are Trans Union, Experian, and Equifax in the United States. In an article called Collections and Credit Risk, written by Sidney Hill, Jr. , consumers will soon get a chance to see their credit scores and learn how they really rank with lenders. The credit scores lenders use to make decisions about loans credit cards will be made available on the Web, also included the information about how they come up with the scores as well how the scores can be improved.The State and Federal legislation protects the privacy of personal data while granting consumers access to their own credit information which forced the change. Credit card companies rely heavily on â€Å"risk based† credit scoring to aid in determining the credit worthiness of a consumer, this information was not privet to the consumer applying for credit. The scores were designed to see how person would repay their debt as well as being very valuable in the d etermination of and individual being granted credit.It wasn’t until the end of 2000 that the three major credit agencies made the information known via the internet. The Three Major Credit Bureaus Trans Union founded in 1968 as the holding company of Union Tank Car which was a rail transportation equipment company. They joined the credit aspect in 1969 when they began to acquiring major city and regional credit bureaus. They offer portfolio and risk management as well as a primary source of credit information. They operation is nationwide through a host of offices and independent credit bureaus.They are a server of many industries that on the regular evaluate credit risk as well as verify information about their customer base which include hospitals, communication and energy companies, collection agencies, retailers, financial and banking services and insurance companies. Equifax founded in 1899 was a Retail Credit Company they had offices through the North America by the 192 0’s. By 1960 they had credit files for millions of Americans. They serve the credit card, retail, financial services, transportation, utilities, health care industries and the government.The global aspect of operations includes commercial credit information services, payment services, software, consumer credit, and consulting services. They provide the systems that aid granting credit, check transactions, predict consumer credit, manage risk, payment services and process credit cards. The countries serviced by Equifax the United States, Brazil, El Salvador, Canada, Chile, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Spain. Experian founded in England in 1980 as CCN systems.They expanded to the United States in 1996 by acquiring a company named TRW Information Services. Their purpose is to use its power of information to help its clients is to target forthcoming customers, management and maintain existing customer’s relationships and have the eye for profitable growth o pportunities. They have the capability of allowing their customers to conduct secure and profitable e-business through its web based products and services. Their employees support clients in over 50 countries. ResolutionEvery day credit bureaus receive calls from disgruntled consumers about mistakes on their credit reports, they file complaints against credit card companies, and disputes as well as to requesting their credit scores. The customer service representative takes the information from the consumer for example a dispute of incorrect information on their credit report and investigates the mistake which takes about 30 days to get the information. Once the information comes back either true or negative then you receive a letter in the mail as to the decision.Conclusion The consumer credit file has become one of the most important documents used in the decision making as to whether a consumer gets credit or not. As consumers come into the understanding of the influence of their credit reports their interest will be in the monitoring of the data reported by the credit bureaus. The credit bureaus are not always on the same page as far as consumer information meaning that the bureaus may have some information in their files that the other bureaus may not have but is in the best interest of the consumer.Bibliography Wise Geek. Conjecture, n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013 â€Å"Best Bank Rates | Compare the Best Interest Rates Today. † GoBankingRates. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. WiseGeek. Conjecture, n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. . Hill, Sidney, Jr. â€Å"Collections and Credit Risk. † (n. d. ): n. pag. Print.

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning Assignment

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning - Assignment Example Additionally, recent financial crisis has also affected company’s revenue trends and has raised concern in management to focus on foreign markets and explore regions which have potential demand for its products. The management of the company is now planning to target a foreign market for its products, where the company can expand its products’ line and generate more revenues. In this regard, the management of the company believe that UAE is the most appropriate target foreign market while considering the nature of company’s business. Mission Statement UW’s mission statement is to â€Å"become a favorite clothing brand of kids both in UK and internationally†. Target Foreign Market for Company’s Product The company has planned to target kids clothing market in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The rationale for doing so is that there has been a phenomenal increase recorded in the demand and consumption of kids clothing. Moreover, kids clothing br ands which have already entered UAE’s market have earned their place in the market. ... Following are the key factors favoring UAE as a target market for UW’s brand: Kids clothing brands market has experienced a growth of 16 % in the United Arab Emirates during the year 2010 (Jones, 2012). According to Liwa Trading, kids clothing brands, who are popular in other parts of the world, are expressing their wish to enter UAE’s market (Jones, 2012). Kids in the UAE have an increasing concern of what they wear and have developed a fashion sense (Jones, 2012). In 2011, there were about $ 1 billion spent by people living in the UAE on children clothing and footwear brands, thus implying how strong demand and consumption is for kids clothing products (Jones, 2012). There is a wide range of prices of clothing available in the UAE’s store, i.e. prices of clothing products are ranged between Dh 250 and Dh 2,500, and as a result UW can set its target price for products relatively easily (Jones, 2012). Potential Audience for a Marketing Plan The potential audience s of a marketing plan can be both internal and external stakeholders of a business. These stakeholders include management, departmental staff, investors, regulatory authorities, analysts, customers and others. The needs of this wide audience for a marketing plan may vary from person to person. It is actually the perceptions they have which in turn shape their needs. People listen what they want to listen, and the same goes for marketing plan. Information contained in a marketing plan may be of high value and interest for management, but at the same time it may be regarded as useless or even unworthy to be looked at by others. Therefore, a perfect marketing plan caters the