Superstition in Huck Finn Essay Example For Students

Superstition in Huck Finn Essay In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, there is a lot of superstition. Some examples of superstition in the novel are Huck killing a spider which is bad luck, the hair-ball used to tell fortunes, and the rattle-snake skin Huck touches that brings Huck and Jim good and bad luck. Superstition plays an important role in the novel Huck Finn. In Chapter one Huck sees a spider crawling up his shoulder, so he flipped it off and it went into the flame of the candle. Before he could get it out, it was already shriveled up. Huck didnt need anyone to tell him that it was an bad sign and would give him bad luck. Huck got scared and shook his clothes off, and turned in his tracks three times. He then tied a lock of his hair with a thread to keep the witches away. You do that when youve lost a horseshoe that youve found, instead of nailing it up over the door, but I hadnt ever heard anybody say it was any way to keep of bad luck when youd killed a spider.(Twain 5). We will write a custom essay on Superstition in Huck Finn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In chapter four Huck sees Paps footprints in the snow. So Huck goes to Jim to ask him why Pap is here. Jim gets a hair-ball that is the size of a fist that he took from an oxs stomach. Jim asks the hair-ball; Why is Pap here? But the hair-ball wont answer. Jim says it needs money, so Huck gives Jim a counterfeit quarter. Jim puts the quarter under the hair-ball. The hair-ball talks to Jim and Jim tells Huck that it says. Yoole father doan know yit what hes a-gwyne to do. Sometimes he spec hell go way, en den agin he spec hell stay. De bes way is tores easy en let de ole man take his own way. Deys two angles hoverin roun bout him. One uvem is white en shiny, en tother one is black. De white one gits him to go right a little while, den de black one sil in en gust it all up. A body cant tell yit which one gwyne to fetch him at de las. But you is all right. You gwyne to have considable trouble in yo life, en considable joy. Sometimes you gwyne to git hurt, en sometimes you gwyne to git s ick; but every time yous gwyne to git well agin. Deys two gals flyin bout yo in yo life. One uv ems light en tother one is dark. One is rich en tother is po. Yous gwyne to marry de po one fust en de rich one by en by. You wants to keep way fum de water as much as you kin, en dont run no resk, kase its down in de bills dat yous gwyne to git hung. (Twain 19). Huck goes home and goes up to his room that night and Pap is there. In Chapter ten, Huck and Jim run into good luck and bad luck. The good luck was Huck and Jim finds eight dollars in the pocket of an overcoat. After dinner on Friday, they are lying in the grass, then Huck ran out of tobacco, so he went to the craven to get some, and finds a rattlesnake. Huck kills it and curled it up and put it on the foot of Jims blanket. Night came and Jim flung himself on the blanket and the snakes mate was there, and it bit Jim on the heel. Jim tells Huck to chop off the snakes head, then skin the body of the snake and roast a peice of it. He took the rattles off and tied them to Jim wrist. Jim said it would help him. Huck says I made up my mind I wouldnt ever take a-holt of a snake-skin again with my hands, now that I see what had come of it. (Twain 52). .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 , .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .postImageUrl , .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 , .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1:hover , .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1:visited , .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1:active { border:0!important; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1:active , .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1 .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf42d3ea37abe9f88ac7fef3040af6d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Howard Hughes EssayAs one can see Superstition plays an important role in the novel Huck Finn. Huck killing the spider which is bad luck, the hair-ball that tells fortunes, and the rattle-snake skin that Huck touched are examples that brought bad luck to Huck and Jim

Free Essays on General Motors

Organizational Background General Motors was founded in 1908. General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM) has become one of the world’s largest automotive corporation vehicle manufacturers. The company employs 341,000 employees and partners with over 30,000 supplier companies worldwide. GM has manufacturer operations in more than 50 countries. General Motors has interest in digital communications. GM has more than 260 major subsidiaries, joint ventures, and affiliates around the world. GM's vision is to be the world leader in transportation products and related services. GM sold more than 8.6 million cars and trucks, nearly 15 percent of the global vehicle market. GM's global headquarters is at the GM Renaissance Center in Detroit. Richard Wagoner is the chief executive officer, president, and chairman of GM. Wagoner is responsible for the strategic and operational leadership of General Motors. GM was incorporated in 1915. General Motors has two operating segments, Automotive, communications services and other operations. It is involved in the design, manufacturing, and marketing of cars, trucks, and heavy-duty transmissions. Gm has the advantage of having a financial department, as known as GMAC, which stands for General Motors Acceptance Corporation. It provides financial services, like leasing, dealer financing, car and truck extended service contracts, residential and commercial mortgage, and vehicle and homeowners insurance. General Motors has many different types of vehicles. Names like, Chevy, Cadillac, Pontiac, GMC, Oldsmobile, Buick, and Saturn. Manufactured and marketed under the names Opel, Vauxhall, Holden, Isuzu, Saab, Buick, Chevrolet, GMC, and Cadillac, are cars that are meet the demands of customers outside of North America. GM parts and accessories are sold under the GM, GM Goodwrench and ACDelco brands through GM Service and Parts Operations. GM’s communication service is the digital entertainment, ... Free Essays on General Motors Free Essays on General Motors Organizational Background General Motors was founded in 1908. General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM) has become one of the world’s largest automotive corporation vehicle manufacturers. The company employs 341,000 employees and partners with over 30,000 supplier companies worldwide. GM has manufacturer operations in more than 50 countries. General Motors has interest in digital communications. GM has more than 260 major subsidiaries, joint ventures, and affiliates around the world. GM's vision is to be the world leader in transportation products and related services. GM sold more than 8.6 million cars and trucks, nearly 15 percent of the global vehicle market. GM's global headquarters is at the GM Renaissance Center in Detroit. Richard Wagoner is the chief executive officer, president, and chairman of GM. Wagoner is responsible for the strategic and operational leadership of General Motors. GM was incorporated in 1915. General Motors has two operating segments, Automotive, communications services and other operations. It is involved in the design, manufacturing, and marketing of cars, trucks, and heavy-duty transmissions. Gm has the advantage of having a financial department, as known as GMAC, which stands for General Motors Acceptance Corporation. It provides financial services, like leasing, dealer financing, car and truck extended service contracts, residential and commercial mortgage, and vehicle and homeowners insurance. General Motors has many different types of vehicles. Names like, Chevy, Cadillac, Pontiac, GMC, Oldsmobile, Buick, and Saturn. Manufactured and marketed under the names Opel, Vauxhall, Holden, Isuzu, Saab, Buick, Chevrolet, GMC, and Cadillac, are cars that are meet the demands of customers outside of North America. GM parts and accessories are sold under the GM, GM Goodwrench and ACDelco brands through GM Service and Parts Operations. GM’s communication service is the digital entertainment, ...

Civil engineering issues Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil engineering issues - Lab Report Example However, it is associated with specific stories to global concepts, proper behavior in the corporate environment, and the inspiration of corporate geology for making of wise management decisions. The geological limits of Clarence Road comprise land dereliction, poor infrastructure, and the loss of open space and agricultural lands in Clarence Town. As an element of Master Plan 2015, the state should enhance prevailing open space conservation tools and to initiate a conservation program. These comprise a purchase of development rights program in those regions most vulnerable to development, prioritizing those lands, which are presently active in terms of agronomic production. As acknowledged in the Nutter Study, open space conservation under such a plan would not generate an economic adversity for the Town considering a growing local tax rate nor to intellectual property proprietors. Infrastructure and especially the extension of sewer lines and the escalations in traffic volumes on the present Clarence road will be a serious factor in establishing development and in guiding land usage resolutions in the future of the road and entirely in the Town of Clarence. Access to public sewers is serious to the lasting ecological health of the community. Sewer lines have stretched out comparatively slowly and have fashioned significant development impacts on the Town. According to Town of Clarence Planning and Zoning Department, growth in focus regions will and has had a correspondingly dramatic influence the service of existing roadways. The geological limits of Hunslet Riverside include the landscape of smoke nuisance. The region is home to a collection of voluntary firms servicing the public, this comprises The Hunslet Club, a youth association founded in 1940 which offers sport, dance and drama events for hundreds of young individuals in the region in addition to

Sitcom Internet Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sitcom Internet Assignment - Research Paper Example Presently, people cite most of these sitcoms lack the necessary â€Å"glue† and creativity, which in the past used to draw large masses into watching them (Rowles). They are just like other â€Å"easygoing† shows comprising TV programs often trying hard to be clever in both entertaining and creating attention but in vain (Rowles). For instance, Rowles in his article cites the current â€Å"Modern Family† does not have those â€Å"gluing† and thrilling scenes, hence, many viewers currently only watch them because it is â€Å"just there†. This depicts lack of creativity leading to retarding nature of characters that almost throughout relayed episodes do not have anything new but the recycled depiction of behaviors. Hence, turning to be predictable such that viewers are always aware of the upcoming episode and what will present, which signifies absence of originality almost in all shows. Therefore, current sitcoms seem to attract viewers only by use of well-crafted and scripted names or titles. This is evident in â€Å"Modern family† whereby the show ought to depict the reality characterizing 21st century family setting but assumes a conservative nature, which is even far from incomparable to the 1920s American sexual transition era (Rowles). Most of this show’s episodes do not deal with modern predicaments facing families to make them thrilling and entertaining but tend to focus on jealousy issues mostly represented by Petty. This has prompted some of its viewers claiming the show even in ten decades to come will remain the same irrespective of airing numerous episodes. Since, the show has never presented viewers with anything thrilling to challenge their imaginations to such an extent they are unable to guess the nature of next episodes (Rowles). Ojalvo, Doyne and Schulten in their study refer sitcoms as â€Å"cultural texts† whereby anybody is capable of predicting their entire outcomes. They are similar t o numerous texts students normally analyze whereby eventually manage to get similar stylistic devices. This is absence of innovation on the part of scriptwriters and those behind sitcoms despite giving them fancy names bear similar materials. This is recycling of ideas with little or no change to add on the thrilling aspects contrary to the viewers who are changing by the day as they watch other varied programs. Hence, they depict a downward trend that has prompted numerous viewers stop watching them or doing so because they are â€Å"just there† while waiting for their favourite programs (Ojalvo, Doyne and Schulten). The new sitcom family has certainly matured since the days of â€Å"I Love Lucy,† yet do the new sitcom families represent the diversity of American families today? Do we see African-American families? Asian families? Same-sex families? Are we seeing diversity or are the networks still playing it safe so as to not â€Å"offend† advertisers. In the present age, despite directors and other proponents citing sitcoms have undergone immense transformation by presenting mature content, they have lacked representation of American racial diversity. Characters comprising most of the current sitcoms are whites, which is not a reflection of American families. For instance, after â€Å"Cosby† series, other telecasted shows like â€Å"Reed between the Lines† feature attractive and well off family having beautiful children facing daily challenges but manage to resolve them within 30 minutes (Braxton). This leaves viewers

Private Equity in Developing Countries Case Study

Private Equity in Developing Countries - Case Study Example Exit might be accomplished by means of preliminary public offering (IPO) of the investee company’s stocks on a stock market, or by offering the investment to a trade purchaser or a different fund. The past many years have observed a growth in private equity action in the developing world. This continues to be fuelled mainly by institutional traders located in America. The causes of this progress are many. Among them has been the latest quick development of numerous developing nations and the recreation of curtails on international savings in lots of these nations. Possibly just as crucial has been the current insight by numerous institutional traders that the profits from private equity assets in the U.S. will probably decline in forthcoming years. (Claessens 78) While detailed data is difficult to find, a handful of instances can help depict these habits. In 1994 alone, private equity revenue located in Hong Kong and China brought up a full amount of $3.1 billion in funds. Two-thirds of the capital originated from outside Asia, with the solitary biggest supply being U.S. establishments. This total was greater than the total produced by specialist private equity establishments there since the initial fund was brought up in Hong Kong in 1981. In 1994 and 1995, Latin American revenue produced $1 .4 billion. This symbolized many times the quantity that had been brought up in the past by revenue in the area. India, Eastern Europe, South Africa, and Israel are simply some of the other places where a variety of private equity funds have long been or currently are now being produced. Furthermore, funds founded in the U.S. are more and more spending instantly in deals in the developing world, frequently in combination with these funds. Traders started to deem growing markets when planning some new investment territories in the past due 1990s. PE is usually related to high profits on investment in comparison to other forms of

Competitive Corporate Strategy Strategy In Context Commerce Essay

Competitive Corporate Strategy Strategy In Context Commerce Essay The very definition of strategy is elusive as there are many different opinions on what strategy actually involves. Often a generalised description is given such as top managements plans to attain outcomes consistent with the organisations missions and goals (Wright et al., 1993, p3). However, De Wit and Meyer (2010) state There is no simple answer to the question of what strategy is. They continue to describe strategy in terms of three main dimensions: process, content and context. These are referred to as the input, throughput and output of strategy, or the How, the What and the Where. Each of these dimensions should be regarded as parts of the whole and while one can focus ones attention on any single dimensions it should never the less be in regard to the interaction with the other two (De Wit Meyer, 2010). Accordingly it is with this proviso that this report looks at the strategy process. The complexity and contradictions of strategy with regard to the above mentioned dimensions offer many different strategy perspectives, often contradicting one another. This gives rise to particular tensions and result in strategic paradoxes that are best analysed using a dialectical approach (De Wit Meyer, 2010). By analysing two opposing points of view the strategist can identify the tension as a paradox and reconcile the opposites as best as possible, hopefully arriving at a best of both worlds conclusion. Figure . Tension as a paradox (Aidan ODriscoll, 1986) 3.0 The Strategy Process 3.0.1 Aspects of the Strategy Process De Wit and Meyer (2010) identify strategy process in terms of how, who and when. How is the strategy to be made, who is involved and when do such strategic activities take place? Many argue that the strategic process is not linear, such as in analysis, formulation and implementation, it is more intuitive and creative. It is considered that there are three areas of the strategic process: strategic thinking, strategy formation and strategic change but that these are not phases, stages or elements of the strategic process but rather different aspects of the strategy process, which are linked and overlap ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) Figure . Aspects of the Strategy Process ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) Foe each of the strategy topics certain paradoxes can be identified and associated with two complementary perspectives. Figure . Strategy topics, paradoxes and perspectives ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) For each of the strategy topics case studies (or short case studies) have been used to illustrate the strategic dichotomies that exist and show how the individual companies implemented the opposing types of strategic perspectives. 3.0.2 Strategic Thinking De Wit and Meyer (2010, p 53) suggest that managers must go through a strategic reasoning process in order to find ways to resolve the challenges of strategic problems. This strategic reasoning is a string of strategic thinking activities directed at defining and resolving strategic problems. The cognitive activities involved in strategic thinking are categorised as defining a strategic problem and solving a strategic problem. As can be seen in Figure 4 below defining constitutes identification and diagnosis while solving consists of conception and realisation. However, the thought processes adopted by managers do not always follow such a formulated and logical ideal. It is often a case of a mixture of structured analytical process combined with intuitive reflection. Figure . Elements of a strategic reasoning process ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) It is this mixture of opposites, analysis and intuition, in varying degrees that create a tension and produces a paradox of logic and creativity. Logical thinking involves analysing empirical facts, formulating strategic options and subjecting them to formal evaluation (De Wit Meyer, 2010). This allows the manager to understand what is actually happening rather than what is perceived to be happening, based on habits, routines, and personal beliefs. Generative reasoning and creative thinking describe the use of intuition to bypass the restrictions of logical thinking to make leaps of imagination and create new ways of looking at old problems (De Wit Meyer, 2010). This is not without substance; such reasoning is based on knowledge gained through education, experience and interaction with others. This knowledge resides in the form of cognitive maps (Tolman, E., cited by Downs and Stea, 2005) which combined with observed behaviour can then lead to the prediction of behaviour (Eden, 1992). The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking is further discussed in Appendix 1 where two short case studies are used to compare the different approaches applied by Berkshire Hathaway (rational reasoning perspective) and Google (generative reasoning perspective). 3.0.3 Strategy Formation Strategy formation is concerned with realising both strategic formulation and strategic action. It encompasses intended strategy (a pattern of decisions) and realised strategy (a pattern of actions) (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). This concedes that strategy is a pattern as in a consistency of behaviour over time (Mintzberg et al, 2009, p 10). While still using the four elements of a strategic reasoning process discussed earlier (See Fig 4) there are additional activities that can be further developed into eight basic building blocks of strategic formation process (Fig. 5). Figure . The main strategy formation activities (De Wit and Myer, 2010) Who carries out strategic formation in an organisation varies from CEOs to those on the shop floor. De Wit and Meyer (2010) identify three variations in who carries out these activities: Top vs. middle vs. bottom roles Line vs. staff roles Internal vs. external roles De Wit and Meyer (2010) also give a warning regarding a formalised strategic planning system. While this can give a framework for the setting of tasks and responsibilities etc it can also become over bureaucratic and not only stifle innovation and creativity but become a means of demotivation. Mintzberg et al. (2009) identifies a formalisation edge where a structured, formalised system has a break-point, after which instead of supporting strategic activities it begins to become intrusive. Figure . The formalisation edge (Mintzberg et al, 2009) Mintzberg (1987) argues that definitions of strategy as a plan and strategy as a pattern (of behaviour) can be independent of each other. He describes a planned strategy as intended strategy and a pattern of strategy as realised strategy. This allows us to distinguish between deliberate strategy, where previous intentions were realised and emergent strategies, where patterns developed without prior intention (or unrealised intentions). Figure . Deliberate and emergent strategies (Mintzberg, 1987) The tension between deliberate strategy and emergent strategy are discussed in Appendix 2 in relation to the case studies of Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services. 3.0.3 Strategic Renewal Organisations change, whether to maintain competition with its rivals, change through innovation in technology or the changing environment of the business. Growth itself is dependent upon change and management of such changes is paramount. Clarke (1994) states Change is an accelerating constant (cited by Senior et al, 2006). De Wit and Mayer (2010) suggest that change can be strategic or operational stating that While operational changes are necessary to maintain the business and organisational systems, strategic changes are directed at renewing them. Organisational structure, organisational processes and organisational culture are the pillars on which the business system stands (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). The hierarchy of a company, its policies and procedures and its shared beliefs determine the companys capabilities, what type of renewal it is capable of and how such renewal can be managed and implemented. Much of these organisational components are hidden within the company as informal elements and requires careful consideration to identify accurately the true situation within a company (see Fig. 8). Figure . The Iceberg Model (Senior and Swailes, 2010) There is a distinction in particular between disruptive change and gradual change. Revolutionary and evolutionary are used here to describe the paradox between these two types of changes (Greiner, 1972). De Wit and Meyer (2010) state that it is widely accepted that a balance is required between Strategic (revolutionary) change and operational (evolutionary) change. Figure . Types of change (Prime Ministers Strategy Unit, 2010) Appendix 3 discusses the application of change in the case study on Ferrari Transforming the Prancing Horse. 4.0 Conclusion The tensions that are apparent throughout the strategy process and their resultant paradoxes suggest strategic activities are either of one side of the paradox or the other. In some case this may be accurate; the acquisition of a company by another may well, though not always, constitute a revolutionary, big bang, change where fundamental changes are made across each company in a relatively short space of time. However, in order to facilitate the actual implementation of the change and to provide some consistency during and after such a change will require the adaption of existing systems, processes and procedures within each company. This suggests that even in such a situation there is a combination of strategic approaches both revolutionary and evolutionary, indicating that a pluralistic approach is required to develop, implement, manage and sustain change. It can also be seen that even with such paradoxes as logic vs. creativity there is a balance between the two in how they are applied. In the short case study for Google, for example, it is clear that this is a highly creative organisation with a deliberate strategy of promoting free thinking, but within boundaries. These boundaries allow for intuition and creativity but only within a cooperate structure that is very much aligned to the business model and its goal to sustain and increase the companys profitability. It would also seem that few strategies are purely deliberate or purely emergent; there is generally a mixture of the two to some degree. Strategies have to form as well as be formulated (Mintzberg et al., 2009). So, in essence, it is the decision of the strategist to reconcile these opposites, decide what sort of balance is to be made and provide the best of both worlds solutions. References De Wit Meyer. (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). Andover, Hampshire, UK: Cengage. Aidan ODriscoll. (1986). Exploring paradox in marketing: managing ambiguity towards synthesis. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Journal of Business Industrial Marketing: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1657811show=html Buttel, M. (2010, March 3rd). 10 years on:When the bubble burst. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Financial Service Technology: http://www.fsteurope.com/news/when-the-bubble-burst/ Downs, R. and Stea. D. (2005). Image Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Eden, C. (1992, May). Journal of Management Studies. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Wiley online Library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00664.x/ Greiner, L. (1972). Evolution and Revolution as Organisations Grow. Harvard Business Review. Mintzberg, H. (1987). The Strategy Concept I: Five Ps For Strategy. California Business Review , 13. Mintzberg. H, and Alhstrand. B, and Lampel. J. (2009). Strategy Safari. Harlow: Pearson Education. Prime Ministers Strategy Unit. (2010). Change Management in Practice. Retrieved March 20th, 2010, from Strategy Survival Guide: http://interactive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/survivalguide/skills/pd_change.htm Wilson, I. (2010). From scenario thinking to stratgic action. In D. w. Meyer, Corporate strategy: process, content, context (p. 153 to 157). Andover: Thomas Renvoize. Wright, P., Pringle, C., and Kroll, M. (1992). Strategic Management: Text and Cases. Needham Heights, Massachusetts, USA: Allyn and Bacon. Appendix 1 The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking 1) The Rational Reasoning Perspective Two short cases studies have been used from the course book De Wit Meyer (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). The first is Exhibit 2.2 (p66), The Rational Reasoning Perspective Berkshire Hathaway:Not Outside the Box (2009). The study introduces Warren Buffett (The sage of Omaha), a highly sucessful investor and owner of the insurance and investment conglomarate Berkshire Hathaway. Although at his peak as an investor in the 1980s and 1990s it was regarded that he had failed to grasp the investment potential of the new paradigm for the Information Age based on the Internet . Instead he continued to invest in established old firms, such as Coca Cola and Gillette and completely avoided the opportunity to invest in Internet stocks, which he regarded as chain letters. As the dotcom boom subsided it was clear that the volume of those trying to exploit the opportunity had far outweighed the actual performance of the companies involved. It is not accurate to say the dotcom boom was a failure, those that had good business models succeeded spectacularly (such as Google, Amazon, Wikipedia sites eBay) but it is clear that the over investment was not justified and that many companies were just not generating enough profits to continue. There were added complications such as the US Federal Reserve had increased its interest rate six times over 1999 and the beginning of 2000, the federal court decision that Microsoft was a monopoly as well as the bellwether (or barometer stock the stock of a company that is regarded as a leader in its given industry) sale of high tech stock shares of March 10th 2000. These include selling of shares of Cisco, IBM, and Dell etc. and while coincidental to the actual dotcom boom itself would have undermined further the confidence in an already falling market (Buttel, 2010) Buffetts insistence on sticking to a formula he understood and was well proven enabled him to escape the ravages of the dotcom bubble burst and instead of being derided as being outdated was again lauded as a canny investor. This was not the first time Buffet had gone against the trend, in 1969 he avoided the stock market frenzy which other investors had thrown themselves into, declaring I am out of step with present conditionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦On one point however I am clear. I will not abandon previous approaches whose logic I understand. Again, in 2008, Buffett went completely against the trend and, in the worst recession since the Great Depression (1929 to 1940) and despite already loosing up to 25 billion USD of market value within one year invested 5 billion USD in Goldman Sachs, quoting Today my money and my mouth both say equities. Buffett states his reason for his success as including: Analyse the company to separate investment from speculation Meticulously diagnose the sustainability of the competitive advantage of the company Stay away from ill-understood businesses in fast-changing environments Understanding that risk comes from not knowing what you are doing He is also wary of those witch doctors proposing to be scientific and rational while selling investment advice. Buffetts criterion for investment is a highly structured analytical method which appears almost devoid of any type of intuitive or innovative behaviour. It is based upon consistent, well tried decision making that refuses to stray away from what has been a successful formula. He is, without doubt, following a strategic reasoning process in a highly formulated and logical manner. It is obviously a successful formula for Berkshire Hathaway but there must be some doubt about whether such a rigid style is suitable for other companies without the existence of such a charismatic character as warren Buffett at its helm. And this raises its own questions: is the strategic thinking deployed by Buffett as rigid as it would first appear? Is there actually an element of intuitiveness inherent behind the strategy? Would someone else, using the same formula for investment, come up with the same results, or is the presence of Buffett in the mix the catalyst that makes for a successful formula? 2) The Generative Reasoning Perspective This uses the short case study Exhibit 2.3 (p69), The Generative Reasoning Perspective Google: Experiment in Anarchy. Google, as mention previously, is one of the companies that managed to sucessfully navigate out of the dotcom era. Since 1998 it has continued to grow to over 22,000 employees and over 22 billion USD (figures for 2008). Googles missionto organise the worlds information and make it universally acceptable and usefull. No idle boast, Google has introduced a phenominal range of products which has allowed it to achieve its stated mission, so much so that in 2006 the Oxfor English Dictionary include the verb: Google : intr. To use the Google search engine to find information on the Internet. trans. To search for information about (a person or thing) using the Google search engine. (OED, 2010). Googles innovative company structure includes Google labs, small teams working on ideas and experimenting with possible solutions. Sharing all its development across its teams and allowing other teams to make suggestions and give feedback feed the innovative and intuition that is the hallmark of Googles success.There 70/20/10 model allows for 70% of a persons time to be spent on mainstream business activities, 20% on new, approved projects and, perhaps the most innovative of all, the remaining 10% on developing personal projects as dreams as long as it is in line with the spirit of the core company value to do no evil. The strategy of creativity with generative reasoning is clear and has had a fundamental effect on the success of Google and its impressive employment record. The bottom-up approach certainly allows for innovation and resulting ideas to be turned into working applications within relatively short timeframes. Googles CEO, Eric Schmidt states we dont have a traditional strategy planning process, like youd find in traditional technical companies and while this may be true this does not mean that there is no planning or indeed a lack of a structured strategic process. Perhaps the final paragraph of this case study is most telling. Jim Lewinski, Googles managing director, states Creativity loves constraintà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.let people explore, but set clear boundaries for that exploration. Rationality is not absent in Googles strategy, it is just tempered with the culture of innovation. Unlike Buffetts rigid and controlling influence of Berkshire Hathaway, Google has a far more flexible strategic approach that, given the continuation of its established company culture, will continue to thrive no matter who is at the helm. Appendix 2 The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services A case study has been used for this analysis from the course book De Wit Meyer (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services By David A. Garvin and Lynne C. Levesque (pp 702 to 718). United Parcel Services (UPS) has grown from its beginnings in 1907 to a 37 billion USD global corporation with a workforce of over 384,000, over 3,500 retail locations in the US alone and servicing more than 200 countries. In addition it has its own airline (UPS Airlines) which is ranked the 10 largest in the world (figures as of 2005). The companys founder, Jim Casey, developed a reputation for running the company like a military operation. With an emphasis on efficiency and discipline UPS developed a culture of continuous improvement, which Casey called constructive dissatisfaction. UPSs workforce was known for its longevity; all the companys CEOs were time-served and had risen through the company from the lowest ranks. Until the early 1990s it is started that UPS had no actual formal strategic planning process, although in the mid-1970s a decision had been made to expand the company globally and over the following ten years resulted in the forming of a Strategic Technology Group charged with developing technological solutions. In the early 1990s it was recognised that the companys execution mentality was hindering managements ability to see significant changes in the environment. This led to the setting up of a Strategic Advisory Group in 1996 to consider and debate strategic issues. In addition another group, CSG, was setup to develop strategic processes for planning for the future. From these activities the company began developing its own strategic process using scenario planning, strategic planning and support for strategic decision-making and strategy implementation. Although using multiple tools and methodologies the approach was made to work, this was helped by the continued support of the CEO who was himself regarded as the chief strategist. A major aspect of UPSs strategy from 1997 was to adoption of scenario planning. This is a management tool designed to explore what could happen given certain situations. Creating different scenarios allows managing to have a better understanding of possible events and help in the decision making process. The aim of scenarios is to develop a resilient strategy within the frameworks of alternative futures provided by the scenarios (Wilson, 2010). The use of scenario planning had been popularised after an article by Peter Wack in 1985, describing a scenario building exercise at Royal Dutch Shell (Mintzberg et at., 1990) The use of these scenarios had a fundamental impact on the company. They defined the companys new corporate charter, a change in the companys mission statement, identification of key themes and insights, the creation of a platform for management and discussions and, according to the authors of this case study, a mind-set shift for at least some managers. In 2002 the company developed their Centennial Plan, a long term strategic plan to take the company not just into their 100th year but also into the new millennium. The plan developed four key strategic imperatives: Winning team Value-added solutions Customer focus Enterprise excellence To support this Strategic Road Map was formulated which formed teams to work on specific strategic areas. Each team broke down its imperative to 24 discrete projects (critical initiatives), themselves supported by more than one hundred specific projects. Because of the complexity of the plan John McDevitt was brought in (from being Vice President of Air Operations) to be in charge of strategic integration. In 2002 the company developed their use of scenarios further to extend its focus into the new millennium. While understanding the limitations of scenario planning it allowed for creative thinking within a planning environment. This would seem to be a situation where formal planning, a deliberate strategy, works with the help of an instrumentalist, emergent approach. While scenario planning, in name and nature is very much part of the planning school of thought the creativity of thought applied and the adaption of scenarios to develop further scenarios is very much an incrementalist approach. UPS, while using a planned approach to strategy, are also encourage the use of innovation within their strategic thinking.

Character of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarle

The Character of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚   In Hawthorne's classic, The Scarlet Letter, the pathetic, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is fully aware of the means by which he must liberate his soul from his grave sin. Yet, throughout the story his confession remains an impediment, constraining him, from then onwards, to a life of atonement. Reverend Dimmesdale attempts to divest himself of his guilt by revealing it to his parishioners during services, but somehow never manages to accomplish the task. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is clearly both a coward and a hypocrite    For the most part, Dimmesdale's story is one of a lonely man who has given into temptation and desire. His carnal craving is looked upon with ignominy. The matter is further convoluted by Hester's marriage, and his unwillingness to mar his reputation among the villagers as the faithful and innocent priest. He is now stranded at a crossroad, not knowing whether to confess or carry on a life of self-punishment. The sin begins to gnaw away at his sanity. As a form of penance he partakes in late night vigils, starvation, and self-mutilation. His acts of penance were severe and drained him of much of his life force. Finally becoming fed up with his prolonged misery, he walked unsteadily to the podium to expose his secret, but his confession was ambiguous and inconclusive, and people thought he was speaking about the sins of humanity.    Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale has many opportunities to confess.    One of the very first moments available to Dimmesdale to confess was on the scaffolding in the beginning when Hester was publicly humiliated in front of the townspeople. Dimmesdale was preaching to her for hou... ...can be rectified. Some sins are everlasting, and there are no shortcuts to salvation. Sometimes the weight of the sins must penetrate one's soul for eternity.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Baym, Nina. Introduction. The Scarlet Letter. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York City: Penguin Books USA, Inc. 1986.    Clendenning, John. "Nathaniel Hawthorne." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.    Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. "The Scarlet Letter." The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors. Ed. Charles Wells Moulton. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith Publishing, 1959. 341-371.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1986.    Smiles, Samuel. "The Scarlet Letter." The Critical Temper. Ed. Martin Tucker. New York City: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1962. 266.    Character of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarle The Character of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚   In Hawthorne's classic, The Scarlet Letter, the pathetic, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is fully aware of the means by which he must liberate his soul from his grave sin. Yet, throughout the story his confession remains an impediment, constraining him, from then onwards, to a life of atonement. Reverend Dimmesdale attempts to divest himself of his guilt by revealing it to his parishioners during services, but somehow never manages to accomplish the task. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is clearly both a coward and a hypocrite    For the most part, Dimmesdale's story is one of a lonely man who has given into temptation and desire. His carnal craving is looked upon with ignominy. The matter is further convoluted by Hester's marriage, and his unwillingness to mar his reputation among the villagers as the faithful and innocent priest. He is now stranded at a crossroad, not knowing whether to confess or carry on a life of self-punishment. The sin begins to gnaw away at his sanity. As a form of penance he partakes in late night vigils, starvation, and self-mutilation. His acts of penance were severe and drained him of much of his life force. Finally becoming fed up with his prolonged misery, he walked unsteadily to the podium to expose his secret, but his confession was ambiguous and inconclusive, and people thought he was speaking about the sins of humanity.    Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale has many opportunities to confess.    One of the very first moments available to Dimmesdale to confess was on the scaffolding in the beginning when Hester was publicly humiliated in front of the townspeople. Dimmesdale was preaching to her for hou... ...can be rectified. Some sins are everlasting, and there are no shortcuts to salvation. Sometimes the weight of the sins must penetrate one's soul for eternity.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Baym, Nina. Introduction. The Scarlet Letter. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York City: Penguin Books USA, Inc. 1986.    Clendenning, John. "Nathaniel Hawthorne." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.    Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. "The Scarlet Letter." The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors. Ed. Charles Wells Moulton. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith Publishing, 1959. 341-371.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1986.    Smiles, Samuel. "The Scarlet Letter." The Critical Temper. Ed. Martin Tucker. New York City: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1962. 266.   

A Critique of Chinua Achebe’s “An Image of Africa” Essay

â€Å"Certainly Conrad appears to go to considerable pains to set up layers of insulation between himself and the moral universe of his history. He has, for example, a narrator behind a narrator. The primary narrator is Marlow but his account is given to us through the filter of a second, shadowy person. But if Conrad’s intention is to draw a cordon sanitaire between himself and the moral and psychological malaise of his narrator his care seems to me totally wasted because he neglects to hint however subtly or tentatively at an alternative frame of reference by which we may judge the actions and opinions of his characters.† Although Achebe recognizes Conrad’s use of multiple narrators, he dismisses any intention on Conrad’s part of utilizing the narrators to introduce psychological depth in Heart of Darkness. I believe, however, that Conrad’s full objective was to establish a moral and existential tone in his novella; he accomplished this by incorpo rating a second narrator. Conrad introduces the narrator and his surrounding characters as they navigate the Thames River. As the narrator describes Marlow and the other Seamen the reader begins to question where Marlow stands in this social hierarchy. Conrad thus establishes a tone of uncertainty in the credibility and morality of both Marlow and the narrator. The entire novella is a retelling of Marlow’s tales in Africa, years after they had occurred, which leaves the extent of Marlow’s exaggeration and embellishment of his story up for question. 2. Disagree â€Å"Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist. That this simple truth is glossed over in criticisms of his work is due to the fact that white racism against Africa is such a normal way of thinking that its manifestations go completely unremarked† Achebe is not reading Conrad’s work on a symbolic level rather he superficially judges parts of the novella as racist. The novella Heart of Darkness is not a racial slur, nor is it an insulting depiction of the people of Africa in any way. It is an examination of the false pretenses the Europeans held over their assumed benevolent work in Africa. The purpose of Marlow’s story was to show the adverse effects of imperialism on white European tradesmen. Conrad is thus in no way a racist, as he set out to depict the malice of Europeans during this time period. He uses his experiences in the Congo during King Leopold of Belgium’s tyranny to show the malevolence greed instills in mankind. 3. Disagree â€Å"Africa as a metaphysical battlefield devoid of all recognizable humanity, into which the wandering European enters at his peril. . . . . Can nobody see the preposterous and perverse arrogance in thus reducing Africa to the role of props for the break-up of one petty European mind? But that is not even the point. The real question is the dehumanization of Africa and Africans which this age-long attitude has fostered and continues to foster in the world. And the question is whether a novel which celebrates this dehumanization, which depersonalizes a portion of the human race, can be called a great work of art.† Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a great work of art; is it a symbolic delineation of Western covetousness and the effects materialism has on mankind. Africa is not meant to be â€Å"devoid of all recognizable humanity.† Africa is a setting which could be moved anywhere white Europeans use phony moral objectives to carry out their greed. The novella is not specific to Africa but, is a representation of the degradation of man when he works on fake moral grounds. It is for that very reason that Conrad begins his novella with Marlow’s recount of man’s historical occupations -including Roman and British sieges- and the darkness that follows all acts of greed. 4. Disagree Unfortunately his heart of darkness plagues us still. Which is why an offensive and deplorable book can be described by a serious scholar as â€Å"among the half dozen greatest short novels in the English language.† Although Achebe’s defensive view is reasonable as he is of African descent and feels affronted by the opinion he believes Conrad holds, he misses the overall meaning of the novella. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is not a plague, nor should it be regretted. This novella gave insight into the shameful acts committed by Europeans in search of fame and fortune. Heart of Darkness is not a slander on the African people; it is the exposure of European cruelty and man’s madness derived from greed and feeling empowered over another. 5. Disagree â€Å"I am talking about a book which parades in the most vulgar fashion prejudices and insults from which a section of mankind has suffered untold agonies and atrocities in the past and continues to do so in many ways and many places today. I am talking about a story in which the very humanity of black people is called in question.† Humanity is questioned in Heart of Darkness but, Achebe fails to realize Conrad’s intention. Achebe focuses primarily on the depiction of the Africans in this novella and disregards the contempt Conrad holds for the imperialists. Conrad’s objective was to unmask the â€Å"prejudices and insults from which a section of mankind has suffered untold agonies and atrocities† but, not in the â€Å"vulgar fashion† Achebe describes. The humanity of Europeans is instead called in question. Conrad had witnessed firsthand how the Europeans pillaged and devastated African communities and used his experiences to illustrate the obscen ity of imperialism. 6. Disagree â€Å"As a sensible man I will not accept just any traveler’s tales solely on the grounds that I have not made the journey myself. I will not trust the evidence even off man’s very eyes when I suspect them to be as jaundiced as Conrad’s. And we also happen to know that Conrad was, in the words of his biographer, Bernard C. Meyer, â€Å"notoriously inaccurate in the rendering of his own history.† In fiction it is often the author’s idiosyncratic perspective that makes a story intriguing. Factual recounting does not arrive in a fictional book. Whether Conrad’s portrayal of imperialism in Africa was entirely accurate or an embellished version of his own existential struggles, Heart of Darkness was a landmark piece for his time period. The atrocities committed during European imperialism were not a subject of conversation but, Conrad helped to bring the issues to the surface. Conrad did not aim to offend the people of Africa; he intended to expo se the Europeans of their veiled immorality.

Learn More About Bilateral Symmetry

Learn More About Bilateral Symmetry Bilateral symmetry is the arrangement of an organisms body parts into left and right halves on either side of a central axis, or plane. Essentially, if you draw a line from the head to the tail of an organism or a plane both sides are mirror images. In that case, the organism exhibits bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry is also known as plane symmetry as one plane divides an organism into mirrored halves. The term bilateral has roots in Latin with bis  (two) and  latus  (side). The word symmetry is derived from the Greek words  syn  (together) and  metron  (meter). Most animals on the planet exhibit bilateral symmetry. This includes human beings, as our bodies can be cut down the middle and have mirrored sides. In the marine biology field, many students will study this when they begin learning about classifying marine life. Bilateral vs. Radial Symmetry Bilateral symmetry differs from radial symmetry. In that case, the radially symmetric organisms are similar to a pie shape, where each piece is nearly identical though they do not have left or right sides; instead, they have a top and bottom surface. Organisms that exhibit radial symmetry include aquatic cnidarians, including corals. It also includes jellyfish and sea anemones. Dchinoderms  are another group that includes sand dollars, sea urchins, and starfish; meaning they have a five-point radial symmetry.   Traits of Bilaterally Symmetrical Organisms Organisms that are bilaterally symmetrical demonstrate a head and a tail (anterior and posterior) regions, a top and a bottom (dorsal and ventral), as well as left and right sides. Most of these animals have a complex brain in their heads, which are part of their nervous systems. Typically, they move more quickly than animals that do not demonstrate bilateral symmetry. They also tend to have improved eyesight and hearing capabilities compared to those that have radial symmetry. Mostly all marine organisms,  including all vertebrates  and some invertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical. This includes marine mammals such as dolphins and whales, fish, lobsters, and sea turtles. Interestingly, some animals have one type of body symmetry when they are first life forms, but they develop differently as they grow.   There is one marine animal that does not display symmetry at all: Sponges. These organisms are multicellular but are the only classification of animals that are asymmetrical. They do not show any symmetry at all. That means there is no place in their bodies where you could drive a plane into cut them in half and see mirrored images.

Every Tourist Is A Voyeuring Gourmand Tourism Essay Essays

Every Tourist Is A Voyeuring Gourmand Tourism Essay Essays Every Tourist Is A Voyeuring Gourmand Tourism Essay Paper Every Tourist Is A Voyeuring Gourmand Tourism Essay Paper This chapter will go on on from chapter two and purposes to discourse in item the culinary tourer. The research worker will specify the term culinary tourer and explicate how these types of tourers can be categorised. This chapter will besides sketch the issues confronting sustainable touristry and genuineness in relation to nutrient touristry and the culinary tourer. Furthermore, the research worker will foreground the Travel Activities and Motivation Survey ( TAMS ) which is considered to be the most comprehensive profiles available of culinary tourers. Finally, the research worker will look into the culinary tourer in Ireland. Although information is scarce in relation to the Irish culinary touristry industry, a Mintel study which was published in 2009 provides some cognition into both the international and Irish tourers who holiday in Ireland. Eating is one of our most basic physiological demands even when outside our usual environment ( Tikkanen 2007 ) . Yet, information on nutrient touristry and the culinary tourer appears rare. Chapter two outlined the fact that nutrient is a really much overlooked component of touristry literature ( Selwood 2003 ) . As a consequence of this deficiency of direct research into nutrient touristry, there are few penetrations into the demographic and psychographic features of nutrient tourers ( Wolf 2006 ) , and those penetrations that do be are considered by Hall et Al ( 2003 ) to be mostly superficial. Murray ( 2008 ) agrees and states that footings such as nutrient touristry or the culinary tourer could be used in ways which are misdirecting and, as a consequence, may do inappropriate determinations to be made by touristry contrivers and operators. Murray ( 2008 ) suggests that one time culinary touristry has been identified as a possible avenue to prosecute, the natural inclination is t o place the market, and that leads instantly to cleavage. However, some tourers may be culinary partisans instead than culinary tourers, and although interested in nutrient, culinary activities are non the chief intent of travel for these types of tourers ( Murray 2008 ) . In malice of the acknowledgment that small is still known about either the nutrient buying-behaviour of tourers or of the function it plays in the overall travel determination, finishs are progressively utilizing nutrient as a agency to distinguish themselves and broaden their market base ( Hall et al 2003 ; McKercher, Okumus, and Okumus 2008 ) . As antecedently discussed, nutrient is an of import tourer attractive force and enhances or is cardinal to the visitant experience ( Henderson 2009 ) . For many, nutrient becomes extremely experiential ( i.e. much more than functional ) when it is portion of a travel experience, it can go sensuous and animal, symbolic and ritualistic, and can take on new significance and significance ( Hall et al 2003, p.61 ) . Long suggests that the culinary tourer anticipates a alteration in the foodways experience for the interest of sing that alteration, non simply to fulfill hungriness ( Long 2004, p.21 ) . Longs definition implies that intentionali ty is required whereas Wolf ( 2006, p.2 ) proposes a more indulgent definition ; the true culinary tourer is non a prig, but instead an adventurer who besides happens to be an ardent aficionado of nutrient and drink . Therefore, the culinary tourer could be defined every bit slackly as person who appreciates local nutrient or person who spends clip in a food market shop in a foreign state. Due to wide definitions such as this, one could admit why research on culinary tourers is rare. The Culinary Tourism in Ontario ( 2005-2015 ) Strategy and Action Plan makes a really baronial effort to distinguish between tourers with intentionality and those who are better described as partisans. The Action Plan illustrates culinary touristry markets being broken down by an apprehension of what motivates the traveler: Primary Travellers whose chief focal point and purpose is for a culinary touristry experience. Secondary Travellers whose focal point on culinary touristry is shared with another touristry incentive such as golf, shopping, sing household and friends. However, culinary touristry is portion of their path. Third Travelers whose itinerary or incentives does non include culinary touristry. Culinary touristry experience is ad-lib or ad hoc to their original purpose ( Culinary Tourism in Ontario ( 2005-2015 ) Strategy and Action Plan, p.21 ) . 3.3 Location, Sustainable Tourism and Authenticity Sims ( 2009 ) comments on the turning organic structure of research which is get downing to turn out that esthesiss of gustatory sensation, touch, sound and odor can play an of import function within the vacation experience, adding that holiday nutrient is going of peculiar importance to research workers ( Sims 2009, p.321 ) . Crotts and Kivela ( 2006, p.355 ) agree and citation that our centripetal perceptual experiences play a major psychological and physiological function in our assessment and grasp of nutrient, as they do for other experiences at a finish . Dining out is a enjoyable centripetal experience, hence, the experience good factor which tourists experience as a consequence of nutrient ingestion at a finish is a pull factor and a selling and trading tool that can non be underestimated ( Crotts and Kivela 2006, p.355 ) . For this ground, one can reason that tourers frequently place considerable accent on how they feel at a finish, and how they experience what the f inish offers, by carefully choosing that particular eating house and/or nutrient that might carry through a peculiar personal desire ( Crotts and Kivela 2006 ) . Although many surveies identify and address factors that affect finish pick and image, really few empirical surveies address the function that nutrient dramas in the manner tourists experience the finish. Dining wonts can besides supply an penetration into ways of life, assisting tourers understand the differences between their ain civilization and those with which they come into contact with ( Hegarty and OMahoney 2001 ) . However, it must be acknowledged that the assortment of nutrients on offer at a finish can hold major deductions for the economic, cultural and environmental sustainability of that touristry location, with research workers reasoning that a focal point on locally sourced merchandises can ensue in benefits for both the hosts and the culinary tourers ( Clark and Chabrel 2007 ; Sims 2009 ) . Sims ( 2009, p.3 22 ) argues that local nutrient and drink merchandises can better the economic and environmental sustainability of both touristry and the rural host community through encouraging sustainable agricultural patterns, back uping local concerns and edifice a trade name that can profit the part by pulling more visitants and investing . Furthermore, Sims ( 2009 ) explains that local nutrient can play an of import function in the sustainable touristry experience because it entreaties to the visitant s desire for genuineness within the vacation experience. At present, there is a tendency towards cosmopolitan standardization and homogenization, which is demonstrated by the spread of fast nutrient ironss ( Henderson 2009 ; Keel 2010 ) . Concurrently, tourers are going more adventuresome and are unfastened to new nutrient experiences ( Daniele and Scarpato 2003 ; Henderson 2009 ) . Many culinary tourers are besides seeking genuine and reliable which can be found in local nutrients and eating-places ( Henderson 2009 ) . Therefore, one can reason that tourer finishs could successfully distinguish from other locations through local reliable nutrient. As explained above, reliable nutrient ingestion at a finish creates a pull factor for the consumer ( Crotts and Kivela 2006, p.355 ) . Furthermore, increasing tourer ingestion of local nutrients can bring forth a multiplier consequence that will profit the local economic system and supply a encouragement to rural finishs looking to develop a sustainable touristry industry ( Sims 2009 ; Torres, 2002 ) . In add-on, concerns about the environmental effects of transporting nutrient across the Earth have led research workers to reason that purchasing local nutrient merchandises is critical if the touristry industry is to cut down its C footmark ( Mitchell and Hall 2003 ; Sims 2009 ) . In Rebecca Sims ( 2009 ) article tit led Food, topographic point and genuineness , she studied how local nutrient has the possible to heighten the visitant experience by linking consumers to the part and its sensed civilization and heritage. She focused on two UK parts for her study, the Lake District and Exmoor. Her consequences illustrated that over 60 % of the tourers interviewed said that they had intentionally chosen to devour nutrients or drinks that they considered local while on vacation which suggests that, tourers are seeking merchandises that they feel will give them an penetration into the nature of a topographic point and its people Sims ( 2009, p.329 ) . However, this demand for local nutrient could besides be viewed as a hunt for genuineness. Over 50 % of the tourers interviewed in this survey said that they had bought, or were decidedly be aftering to purchase, nutrient and drink as keepsakes of their vacation, with less than 10 % stating that they were non interested in making so ( Sims 2009, p.328 ) . The keepsake buyers varied in their degrees of enthusiasm, from loath purchasers who felt compelled to purchase little gifts for household or co-workers, to one enthusiastic twosome who, while sing Exmoor, had spent ?60 on specializer tea and java by a celebrated local tea merchandiser in add-on to the usual material like fudge ( Sims 2009, p.328 ) . Tikkanen ( 2007 ) concurs with Sims ( 2009 ) and relates nutrient touristry to Maslow s hierarchy. Tikkanen ( 2007, p.725 ) identifies five attacks to nutrient with regard to motive for a visit. These five attacks are nutrient as a tourer attractive force , groceries as a tourer merchandise constituent , nutrient experience in touristry , the function of nutrient in civilization and linkages between touristry and nutrient production . This attack to the theory environing the culinary tourer demonstrates that nutrient ingestion is regarded as one of the most of import factors in the selling of a finish ( Tikkanen 2007 ) . Hence, nutrient and touristry are progressively combined. Food can pull a individual towards or back to a vacation finish, plus more and more nutrient merchandises are now bought as keepsakes, which, if managed right could ensue in benefits for both the hosts and the culinary tourers. 3.4 Travel Activities and Motivation Survey While few demographic and psychographic informations exist to pull a comprehensive image of the typical culinary tourer, one major survey conducted in Canada can supply some penetration. In April 2001, the Canadian Tourism Commission ( CTC ) released the Travel Activities and Motivation Survey ( TAMS ) , Wine and Cuisine Profile Report which is considered to be one of the most comprehensive profiles available of culinary tourers. This study offers a comprehensive appraisal of travel behavior and incentives and provides a rich and important database by which to develop future selling schemes. Harmonizing to this study, both immature and mature singles along with immature and mature twosomes were most likely to exhibit an involvement in vacation activities associated with nutrient and vino ( TAMS 2001 ) . Interest in such activities besides increased as the degree of instruction and household income increased ( TAMS 2001 ) . While this information represented Canadian travelers, the co nsequences for US travelers were highly similar. The study did non interrupt down travelers by specific age groups but instead categorises travelers as immature or mature. The study found a high correlativity between culinary tourers and geographic expedition ( TAMS 2001 ) . This concurs with Wolfs ( 2006 ) definition above and suggests that culinary tourers are adventurers. Those who exhibit an involvement in holiday activities associated with vino and culinary art were well more likely to hold sought out holiday experiences associated with geographic expedition ( e.g. , sing historical sites, natural admirations ) , personal indulgence ( e.g. , to see the good life, sing a casino, sing metropolis life such as dark life ) and love affair and relaxation ( e.g. , experience familiarity and love affair, relax and recuperate ) ( TAMS 2001, p.19 ) . A more recent TAMS, based once more on the Canadian and US markets was published in 2007. The study revealed that 37 % ( or 7.7 million ) of Canadian travelers and 33 % ( or 58.6 million ) of American travelers were wine and cuisine partisans, exhibiting either a moderate or high involvement in vino and cuisine-related activities while on trips during the old ages 2005-2007 ( TAMS 2007a ; TAMS 2007b ) . Similar to the 2001 study mature ( 35-64 old ages old ) twosomes and households ( those with childs ) were more likely to be interested in vino and cuisine-related activities. Young twosomes ( less than 35 old ages old ) and senior twosomes ( over 64 old ages old ) , though to a lesser extent, were besides actively engaged in activities associated with vino and culinary art ( TAMS 2007a ) . Once once more the 2007 study shows a strong association between tourers with an involvement in vino and culinary art with increasing degrees of instruction and household income ( TAMS 2007a ; TAMS 2007b ) . Besides interesting to observe is the fact that vino and culinary art partisans were frequent travelers, taking an norm of 4.1 trips between 2004 and 2005 versus 3.2 trips for other travelers ( TAMS 2007a ; TAMS 2007b ) . Relative to other travelers, vino and culinary tourers had a higher inclination to confer with a big figure of information beginnings when they were be aftering trips. Using the cyberspace ( 86 % ) , sing their ain yesteryear experiences ( 63 % ) and taking advice from friends and relations ( 55 % ) were the most popular information beginnings ( TAMS 2007a ) . They were besides more likely to read the travel subdivision of day-to-day and weekend newspapers and to surf travel-related web sites than other travelers ( TAMS 2007a ; TAMS 2007b ) . It must be noted that this study evaluated the demographic behavior of Canadian and American culinary tourers ; hence, an chance exists to look into whether culinary tourers from other states portion similar demographic and psychographic traits. 3.5 The Culinary Tourist in Ireland As explained above, surveies into the demographic and psychographic features of nutrient tourers are in the minority. While the TAMS provide an penetration into American and Canadian tourers, a Mintel study which was published in 2009 provides some cognition into both international and Irish tourers who holiday in Ireland. Among Irish tourers, quality is the most of import factor for nutrient. Availability of local green goods is besides important, it is nevertheless recognised that these factors result is a premium monetary value for nutrient and so are most appealing among the older and more flush consumers ( Mintel 2009 ) . Mintel ( 2009 ) reported that younger grownups and those from lower socio-economic groups were more monetary value medium while vacationing in Ireland, hence, low cost fast-food entreaties to this section, doing them less of import for the nutrient touristry market. This survey stated that the most likely consumers to see all right dining and local independent eating houses, and those most likely to demo a acute involvement in nutrient while vacationing in Ireland are those elderly 35 to 64, and those that fall under the upper in-between category, in-between category, lower in-between category ( ABC1 ) age bracket. These age groups are fortuitously the fastest turning in Irish society and forecasted to do up the largest section of the Irish population for the following decennary. In footings of broader touristry tendencies, it is consumers from these age and socio-economic classs that are most likely to see Ireland from abroad, and are the most likely to remain in Ireland from the Irish population. Irish culinary tourers have become of peculiar importance during the current economic clime as many Irish consumers are now sing vacationing at place instead than traveling abroad. Furthermore, this study stated that the cyberspace is the most widely used beginning by tourers for both engagements and seeking information prior to taking a vacation or short interruption within Ireland. This presents a strong portal for the publicity of the Irish nutrient touristry industry through tourer authorization web sites such as Failte Ireland and Tourism Ireland. At present, these web sites provide small or no information about nutrient in Ireland. However, it should be noted that many older consumers have been slow to follow to the cyberspace, and given that these consumers form the key groups for nutrient touristry, traditional channels should non be abandoned. Besides mentioned in the study was Ireland s a‚Â ¬200 million festival sector, another cardinal channel for the nutrient touristry industry, which has a big part dedicated to nutrient and drink. Ushers such as the Michelin usher, the Michelin Pub Guide, and the Bridgestone Guide are seen as exceptionally influential on consumers picks. Positive online reappraisals besides have an influence as more consumers than of all time utilize the cyberspace. Mintel ( 2009 ) acknowledge a the tendency that Irish and UK consumers have a turning affinity with nutrient, with broadening gustatory sensations and a renewed grasp for local ingredients and modern takes on traditional dishes, as seen with the growing of husbandmans markets and artisan nutrient manufacturers. Much of this resurgence and new involvement in nutrient has been driven by the media with channels like Channel 4, the BBC and RTE utilizing primetime slots for cookery and nutrient involvement programmes. Evaluations figures from the Broadcasters Audience Research Board for the first one-fourth of 2009 show that some of the more popular cookery programmes are among the top five highest viewed shows, peculiarly Masterchef on BBC and programmes having famous person chefs like Heston Blumenthal and Gordon Ramsay on Channel 4. However, due to the current economic crisis, a turning figure of people are eating and entertaining at place, and telecasting has become a extremely influential forum for advancing good quality nutrient. Although this may hold taken slightly from the eating house industry, this is in bend making possible for cooking schools. With the turning involvement in nutrient, and the turning figure of people entertaining at place there are positive signals for cookery schools, peculiarly within the domestic touristry sphere. However, the cookery classs at these Centres are comparatively expensive compared to other vacation activities and in recessive times, luxuries such as these may be less accessible if pricing schemes are non reviewed. Although this study portrayed a positive position for the Irish nutrient touristry market, value for money remains a major factor impeding the development of culinary touristry in Ireland. As discussed in Chapter 2, there are issues sing the perceptual experi ence that Irish nutrient is expensive, service related issues, Irish nutrient cost issues and the deficiency of invention among nutrient manufacturers ( Coughlan 2009 ) . The study suggests that the authorities has dedicated a important sum of funding toward advancing touristry ; nevertheless, high revenue enhancements are impacting fight. Failte Ireland found that although about 98 % of tourers would urge sing Ireland, 19 % of these had some reserves. Of this 19 % , 26 % stated that their chief reserve was the high monetary values in Ireland ( Failte Ireland 2010 ) . In add-on to this is the concern that non adequate accent is being placed on advancing Ireland as a nutrient touristry finish ( Mintel 2009 ) . These issues must be addressed if Ireland is to be perceived as a coveted finish for the culinary tourer. 3.6 Drumhead The literature reveals that there are few penetrations into the demographic and psychographic features of nutrient tourers. Yet, eating is one of our most basic physiological demands even when outside our usual environment. Hence, everyone demands to eat. Therefore, it is hard to specify and depict the culinary tourer. Furthermore, some tourers may be culinary partisans instead than culinary tourers, and although interested in nutrient, culinary activities are non the chief intent of travel for these classs of tourers. However, for some tourers, nutrient becomes extremely experiential and consumers are progressively cognizant of the benefits ( economic, environmental and wellness related ) of local green goods, and there is an increased desire to try local dishes, groceries and drink. Although, there is small known about either the nutrient buying-behaviour of tourers or of the function it plays in the overall travel determination, finishs are progressively utilizing nutrient as a agency to distinguish themselves and broaden their market base. From this treatment of the literature, it can be seen that local nutrient has the potency to play a cardinal function within the touristry experience. There is a renewed involvement in local nutrient and drinks festivals, every bit good as an increased involvement in local markets as tourers seek out reliable nutrient experiences. These local nutrient and drink merchandises can better the economic and environmental sustainability of both touristry and the rural host community. This chapter besides discussed TAMS which is considered to be one of the most comprehensive profiles available of culinary tourers. This study offers a comprehensive appraisal of travel behavior and incentives and provides a rich and important database by which to develop future selling schemes. Furthermore, an penetration into the both the international and Irish tourers who holiday in Ireland was provided utilizing a a Mintel study which was published in 2009. As suggested in the above subdivision, nutrient touristry is a possible competitory advantage and it can be a nucleus component in the stigmatization of a state or finish by sellers. Domestic and international visitants are going more adventuresome and unfastened to new experiences overall and with specific mention to nutrient. Many are besides looking for the echt and reliable, which, it is believed, can be found in local nutrients and eating-places ( Reynolds, 1993 ) .

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business law - Essay Example Under the element of ‘agreement’, several aspects must be established to activate demonstrate a consensus on some of the major terms of the exchange: 1. Offer. There must be an offer for sale under clearly stipulated terms which includes a full description of the item(s) of exchange.The offer must be complete. Ordinarily this would include a description of the item(s) for exchange, nature of the item(s), the cost or price and any other sale-related features such as payment details. 2. Acceptance. The parties involved in the intended exchange must accept the offer as stipulated and communicate this acceptance within the period in which the offer still exists. Acceptance of the offertory terms becomes invalid when a counter-offer is made and allowed by the parties involved. 3. Genuine consent. Parties to the contract must have contractual capacity an additionally must freely enter into the contract. Elements of duress, mistakes and misrepresentation may render the acceptan ce void and thus, the contract too. Step III: Applications of the Rule of Law to Case Facts 1. Offer. Sally’s initial offer is for a dashing green Cadel Evans â€Å"GF† model bicycle at a cost of $6,000 payable upon delivery. The offer’s duration has not been expressively stated. ... Peter’s acceptance is conditioned on acceptance of his counter-offer and a communication thereof within the closure of business the following day. His liability becomes questionable at this juncture. 3. Genuine consent. By responding to the offer, both Peter and Burt are aware that they are entering into contractual obligations. There is however an element of duress on Sally’s part that may render her consent void. She hastens the delivery of the bicycle to Peter’s premises to make the amount duly payable for fear of foreclosure by the bank on her outstanding mortgage payment amounting to $4,000. 4. Contractual capacity. Their contractual capacity is valid as they have both attained the majority age. Conclusion Sally cannot draw a suit against Burt for any breach of contract since he expressly denied acceptance of the adjusted $5,000 for the bicycle and communicated it in reasonable time to sally.The contract therefore does not exist between the two individuals.S he might have had a claim against Peter except that it might be proved that there was lack of a genuine intent by sally to provide reasonable time for Peter to communicate and finalize the sale agreement i.e. It can be interpreted that Sally only entered into the contract to transfer her liability from the due mortgage and foreclosure to Peter. At Law, no contract can be valid if it is entered into with malicious intentions. However, ignoring the performance of the contract, Sally can enforce legal action against Peter as per the $ 4,000 under the contract for sale since there was implied agreement through their email discussion that instructed the seller to make delivery of the bicycle as soon as his

What is evidence in your view How can one tell truthfulness from Research Paper

What is evidence in your view How can one tell truthfulness from falsehood Indeed what tools are at the disposal of a critical mind to uncover evidence and draw reasonable conclusions - Research Paper Example t claimed that evidence comprised of the stimulation of an individual’s sensory receptors while another great empiricist named Bertrand Russell states that evidence is sense information, the mental items of one’s consciousness. Additionally, it is also tied closely to the philosophy of science. Unquestionably, the term evidence is barely a philosopher’s word of art. Philosophers are not the only personalities who regularly speak of evidence, but also judges, lawyers, scientists, historians, and reporters speak of it often. Therefore, the notion of evidence is stronger on a pre-theoretical ground than several other notions that enjoy similar fundamental standings within philosophy. If one relates philosophical explanations of evidence with the manner the notion is often used in non-philosophical notions, a confusion comes up. For instance, if you see how the non-philosophers like the historians, forensic scientists, and archeologists, among others term evidence th eir perception is quite different from that of the philosophers. Therefore evidence is based on belief (Kelly, 15). Reality can have a more complicated and fluid explanation than we might understand. Rather than being a tangible ability to view black and white dissimilarities concerning ideas and establishing beliefs on external evidence, an individual’s idea of reality can accommodate opposing beliefs, reject, and disregard truth when suitable, or embrace ideas seemingly outrageous in a sane biosphere. A postmodern work of falsehood permits for the changing and shifting of reality, hence providing the audience an alternative reality to associate the alleged truth outside the work. According to Winston, the reality is something impartial, external, and existing in its particular right, the nature of truth is self-evident. However, Kant challenges Winston idea and states the idea of reality is all in the human mind. Kant illustrated a strong distinction concerning our perceptions of reality and the